Lightning in the Andes and Mesoamerica Pre Columbian Colonial and Contemporary Perspectives 1st Edition by John Staller, Brian Stross ISBN 019996775X ‎ 978-0199967759

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ISBN 10: 019996775X
ISBN 13: ‎ 978-0199967759
Author:  John Staller, Brian Stross 

Lightning has evoked a numinous response as well as powerful timeless references and symbols among ancient religions throughout the world. Thunder and lightning have also taken on various symbolic manifestations, some representing primary deities, as in the case of Zeus and Jupiter in the Greco/Roman tradition, and Thor in Norse myth. Similarly, lightning veneration played an important role to the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica and Andean South America. Lightning veneration and the religious cults and their associated rituals represent to varying degrees a worship of nature and the forces that shape the natural world. The inter-relatedness of the cultural and natural environment is related to what may be called a widespread cultural perception of the natural world as sacred, a kind of mythic landscape. Comparative analysis of the Andes and Mesoamerica has been a recurring theme recently in part because two of the areas of “high civilization” in the Americas have much in common despite substantial ecological differences, and in part because there is some evidence, of varying quality, that some people had migrated from one area to the other.

Lightning in the Andes and Mesoamerica is the first ever study to explore the symbolic elements surrounding lightning in their associated Pre-Columbian religious ideologies. Moreover, it extends its examination to contemporary culture to reveal how cultural perceptions of the sacred, their symbolic representations and ritual practices, and architectural representations in the landscape were conjoined in the ancient past. Ethnographic accounts and ethnohistoric documents provide insights through first-hand accounts that broaden our understanding of levels of syncretism since the European contact. The interdisciplinary research presented herein also provides a basis for tracing back Pre-Columbian manifestations of lightning its associated religious beliefs and ritual practices, as well as its mythological, symbolic, iconographic, and architectural representations to earlier civilizations. This unique study will be of great interest to scholars of Pre-Columbian South and Mesoamerica, and will stimulate future comparative studies by archaeologists and anthropologists.

Lightning in the Andes and Mesoamerica Pre Columbian Colonial and Contemporary Perspectives 1st  Table of contents:

1. Introduction

The Nature of Lightning

2. Andean South America

Lightning in the Ancient World

Inca Cosmogony and Ethical Order: Lightning, Creations, and Chaos

Language and Lightning in the Andes

Lightning in the Context of Pre-Hispanic Andean Religion

Lightning Bolts, “Sons of Lightning,” and Immaculate Conceptions

Shells of Lightning: Fertility, Rebirth, and Death

Catequilla: Lightning Huacas and Inca Expansion

Lightning, Metal, and Death in the High Andes

Lightning in Colonial and Contemporary Andean Religion

Lightning in Inca Cosmology and Mythology

Earth, Sky, and Water in Andean Cosmology

Temporality of Lightning in the Andes

Lightning and the World Inside

Lightning Shaman: Human and Animal Familiars

Fictive Kinship in the Cultural and Natural World: Guaoqui and Wayqe

Pachatira: Rainbows, Serpents, and Water

Andean Lightning Stones

Lightning in the Andes: Summary

3. Mesoamerica

Introduction to Mesoamerica

Language and Lightning in Mesoamerica

Lightning Deities, Directions, and Colors

Lightning, Mountains, Caves, and Clouds

Lightning, Shamanism, and Kingship

The Lightning Deity’s Dwarf Helpers

The Lightning Deity’s Animal Co-essences: Humans with Lightning Familiar

Lightning, Warfare, Protection, and Punishment

Lightning Deity, Crop Fertility, and Wealth

Lightning Splits Sustenance Mountain, Bringing Maize to People

Lightning: Serpent, Eagle, and Jaguar

Lightning, Twins, and Triads

Lightning Strikes and Thunderstones

Lightning and Tobacco

Lightning and Mushrooms

Lightning and Frogs

Lightning and Fish

Lightning and Red

Lightning in Mesoamerica: Summary

4. Discussion: Lightning in the Andes and Mesoamerica

Similarities

Differences

5. Conclusions

References

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Tags: John Staller, Brian Stross, the Andes, Columbian Colonial