Adipose Tissue Protocols 1st Edition by Gerard Ailhaud ISBN 1592592317 9781592592319

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 1592592317 

ISBN 13: 9781592592319

Author: Gérard Ailhaud

Adipose tissue is recognized to be exquisitely sensitive to hormone action, and is also now recognized as a secretory and endocrine organ required for reproduction and good health. Adipocytes are “smart” cells able within the tissue to communicate with surrounding cells, but also with various organs, particularly via leptin acting on the central nervous system. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) are known to be distinct tissues, whereas the heterogeneity of WAT depots is well est- lished. Unfortunately, excess WAT leads to obesity, which is the most common health problem in industrialized countries. Therefore, from both a scientific and a technical point of view, the time has come to create a survey of adipose tissues and their neglected adipocytes. In Adipose Tissue Protocols, I have attempted to gather together chapters from all areas of adipose tissue research—from in vivo to in vitro studies—and to provide methods covering a wide variety of techniques, including the choice of adipose tissue depot and of morphological techniques for the study of BAT and WAT; the isolation, subcellular fractionation, and transfection of adipocytes where the low density of these cells must be taken into account; assays of nutrient and ion fluxes and the metabolic aspects of nutrient uptake; assays of lipid-related enzymes; biopsies and quantification of lipid-related mRNAs; cultures of adipose precursor cells from WAT and BAT of various species, including human tissue; measurements of adipose secretory products; and assessment of WAT metabolism in vivo.

Table of contents:

1. Choosing an Adipose Tissue Depot for Sampling

2. Morphologic Techniques for the Study of Brown Adipose Tissue and White Adipose Tissue

3. Confocal Microscopy of Adipocytes

4. Cellularity Measurements

5. Subcellular Fractionation of Adipocytes and 3T3-L1 Cells

6. Quantification of Lipid-Related mRNAs by Reverse Transcription-Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction in Human White Adipose Tissue Biopsies

7. Glycogen Synthase Activity in Adipose Tissue

8. Assays of Lipolytic Enzymes

9. Assays of Lipogenic Enzymes

10. Assays of Adrenergic Receptors

11. Transfection of Adipocytes and Preparation of Nuclear Extracts

12. Assay of Membrane Transport of Long-Chain Fatty Acids by Adipocytes

13. Assays of Glucose Entry, Glucose Transporter Amount, and Translocation

14. Methods to Study Phosphorylation and Activation of the Hormone-Sensitive Adipocyte Phosphodiesterase Type 3B in Rat Adipocytes

15. Measurements of Glucose Conversion to its Metabolites

16. Metabolite and Ion Fluxes and Ion Channels in Brown and White Adipocytes

17. Culture of Adipose Tissue and Isolated Adipocytes

18. Cultures of Adipose Precursor Cells from Brown Adipose Tissue and of Clonal Brown-Adipocyte-Like Cell Lines

19. Cultures of Adipose Precursor Cells and Cells of Clonal Lines from Animal White Adipose Tissue

20. Cultures of Human Adipose Precursor Cells

21. Measurements of Peptide and Nonpeptide Secretory Products from Adipocytes

22. Assessment of White Adipose Tissue Metabolism by Measurement of Arteriovenous Differences

23. Measurement of Adipose Tissue Blood Flow

24. Respiratory and Thermogenic Capacities of Cells and Mitochondria from Brown and White Adipose Tissue

25. Measurements of White Adipose Tissue Metabolism by Microdialysis Technique

26. Immunoassay Measurements of Leptin

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Tags: Gerard Ailhaud, Adipose Tissue, Protocols