Carbon Dioxide Angiography Principles Techniques and Practices 1st Edition by Kyung Cho, Irvin Hawkins 1420016261 9781420016260

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ISBN 10: 1420016261
ISBN 13: 9781420016260
Author: Kyung Cho, Irvin F. Hawkins

With an abundance of illustrations and tables to highlight critical information, this source provides a practical approach to the use of CO2 as a contrast agent for diagnostic angiography, vascular intervention, and other interventional procedures in both adults and pediatrics. Clearly laying-out key points in the science, technique, and clinical a

Carbon Dioxide Angiography Principles Techniques and Practices 1st Table of contents:

1 Overview of CO2 as a Contrast Agent
Introduction
History
Chemical and Physical Properties of CO2
CO2 Does Not Mix with Liquid
Buoyancy
Extreme Diffusibility
CO2 Imaging
Indications
Absolute Contraindications
Relative Contraindications
CO2 Delivery
CO2 Plastic Bag Delivery Systemtm
Delivery Catheters
General Delivery Principles
Specific Procedure
Conclusion
References
2 Physical Properties and Flow Dynamics of CO2
Introduction
Radiopacity of CO2
Radiographic Technique
High Solubility
Viscosity of CO2
Buoyancy of CO2
Compressibility of CO2
Flow Dynamics of CO2
Velocity Profile of CO2
CO2 Dispersal From Catheters
Gas Luminal Filling
Air Contamination of a Hand-Held Syringe
Conclusion
References
3 CO2 as a Venous Contrast Agent: Safety and Tolerance
Introduction
Gas Flow Dynamics
Effects of CO2 on the Cardiopulmonary Function
Clinical Applications
Safety
Prevention and Management of Air Embolism
Conclusion
References
4 Monitoring Patients Undergoing CO2 Angiography
Introduction
CO2 Physiology
Sedation
Essential Monitors
Pulse Oximeter
Electrocardiogram
Systemic Blood Pressure
Capnography
Monitoring Sedation Levels
Conclusion
References
5 Aortogram and Runoff
Introduction
Procedure
Selective Injection
Ipsilateral Evaluation
Changing Retrograde to Antegrade Catheter Placement
Abdominal Aortogram
Clinical Applications
Discussion
Elevation
Conclusion
References
6 Visceral CO2 Digital Subtraction Angiography
Introduction
Technical Considerations
Abdominal Aorta
Celiac Artery
Splenic Artery
Hepatic Artery
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Clinical Monitoring
Advantages and Disadvantages
Potential Complications
ConclusionS
References
7 CO2 Renal Digital Subtraction Angiography
Introduction
Procedure
Indications
Outcomes of Patients Who Develop RCN, Incidence of RCN, Risk Factors Associated with RCN, and Methods to Reduce RCN
Conclusion
References
8 CO2 Digital Subtraction Angiography for Renal Transplant Patients
Introduction
Clinical Applications
Discussion
Conclusion
References
9 CO2 Digital Subtraction Angiography of Tumors
Introduction
Pre-Angiographic Preparation of the Patient
CO2 for Hepatic Tumor Embolization
CO2 for Hepatic Artery Infusion Therapy
CO2 for Embolization of Renal Tumors
CO2 for Embolization of Bone Metastases
CO2 for Portal Vein Embolization
CO2 Angiographic Findings of Tumors
Hepatoma
Renal Tumor
Uterine Fibroids
Metastatic Bone Tumor
Advantages and Disadvantages
Summary
References
10 CO2 for Traumatic Bleeding
Introduction
Techniques
Clinical Applications
Renal Trauma
Splenic Trauma
Hepatic Trauma
Pelvic Trauma
Conclusion
References
11 CO2 for Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Introduction
Procedure
Clinical Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
References
12 CO2 for Use in Iliac Arterial Lower Extremity Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stent Placement
Introduction
Procedures
Ipsilateral Iliac Intervention
Contralateral Iliac Intervention
Infra Inguinal Intervention
Antegrade SFA Puncture
Contralateral Infrainguinal and Infrapopliteal Intervention
Unexpected Ipsilateral Distal Lesion Identified During Ipsilateral Diagnostic Study
Changing Catheter Direction Using a 4-F Hairpin Catheter
Clinical Application
Advantages and Disadvantages
Conclusion
References
13 CO2 Renal Percutaneous Transarterial Angioplasty and Stent Placement
Introduction
Renal PTA Procedure
Renal Stents
Basic Methods
Guiding Catheter Crossing Stenosis Method
Advancing “Bare” Stent Across the Stenosis
Clinical Applications
Advantages and Disadvantages
ConclusionS
References
14 CO2 Upper Extremity Venography
Introduction
Anatomy
Techniques
Normal Upper Extremity CO2 Venogram
Clinical Applications
Contraindications
Advantages and Disadvantages
Potential Complications
References
15 CO2 for Wedged Hepatic Venography
Introduction
Anatomy
Technique
Wedged Hepatic Venous Pressure
Wedged Hepatic Venography
Clinical Applications
Advantages and Disadvantages
Potential Complications
Summary
References
16 CO2 Splenoportography
Introduction
Methods and Procedures
Clinical Applications
Diagnostic Accuracy
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
References

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Tags: Carbon Dioxide, Angiography, Principles, Kyung Cho, Irvin Hawkins