Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems 1st Edition by Douglas Karlen ISBN 1118676325 9781118676325
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ISBN 10: 1118676325
ISBN 13: 9781118676325
Author: Douglas Karlen
Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems presents a comprehensive overview of how cellulosic energy crops can be sustainably produced and converted to affordable energy through liquid fuels, heat and electricity. The book begins with an introduction to cellulosic feedstocks, discussing their potential as a large-scale sustainable energy source, and technologies for the production of liquid fuels, heat and electricity. Subsequent chapters examine miscanthus, switchgrass, sugarcane and energy cane, sorghums and crop residues, reviewing their phylogeny, cultural practices, and opportunities for genetic improvement. This is followed by a detailed focus on woody crops, including eucalyptus, pine, poplar and willow. Critical logistical issues associated with both herbaceous and woody feedstocks are reviewed, and alternate strategies for harvesting, transporting, and storing cellulosic materials are also examined. The final sectionof the booktackles the challenge of achieving long-term sustainability, addressing economic, environmental and social factors. Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems is a valuable resource for academics, students and industry professionals working in the field of biomass cultivation and conversion, bioenergy, crop science and agriculture. Topics covered include: Identifying suitable cellulosic energy crops that are adapted to a wide range of climates and soils Best management practices for sustainably growing, harvesting, storing, transporting and pre-processing these crops The development of integrated cellulosic energy cropping systems for supplying commercial processing plants Challenges and opportunities for the long-term sustainability of cellulosic energy crops This book was conceived and initiated by David I. Bransby, Professor of Energy and Forage Crops in the Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences at Auburn University, USA.
Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cellulosic Energy Crops
1.1 Cellulosic Biomass: Definition, Photosynthesis, and Composition
1.2 Cellulosic Biomass Properties and Their Relevance to Downstream Processing
1.3 Desirable Traits and Potential Supply of Cellulosic Energy Crops
1.4 The Case for Cellulosic Energy Crops
References
Chapter 2: Conversion Technologies for the Production of Liquid Fuels and Biochemicals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biomass Conversion Technologies
2.3 (Bio)Chemical Conversion Route
2.4 Thermochemical Conversion Route
2.5 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 3: Technologies for Production of Heat and Electricity
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Combustion
3.3 Repowering
3.4 Gasification
3.5 Pyrolysis
3.6 Direct Hydrothermal Liquefaction
3.7 Anaerobic Digestion
3.8 Integrated Biorefineries
3.9 Summary
References
Chapter 4: Miscanthus Genetics and Agronomy for Bioenergy Feedstock
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Phylogeny, Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition
4.3 Cultural Practices
4.4 Genetic Improvement
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Switchgrass
5.1 Overview
5.2 Phylogeny, Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition
5.3 Cultural Practices
5.4 Genetic Improvement
5.5 Summary
References
Chapter 6: Sugarcane, Energy Cane and Napier Grass
6.1 Sugar and Energy Cane
6.2 Napier grass
References
Chapter 7: Sorghum
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Sorghum Phenology, Genetic Structure and Types
7.3 Cultural Practices
7.4 Genetic Improvement
7.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Crop Residues
8.1 Overview
8.2 Corn Stover
8.3 Wheat Straw
8.4 Future Opportunities
References
Chapter 9: Eucalyptus
9.1 Phylogeny, Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition
9.2 Cultural Practices
9.3 Genetic Improvement
References
Chapter 10: Pine
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Cultural Practices
10.3 Harvesting
10.4 Genetic Improvement
10.5 Economics
10.6 Government Regulations
10.7 Final Comments
References
Chapter 11: Poplar
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Cultural Practices
11.3 Genetic Improvement
11.4 Utilization
11.5 Carbon Sequestration and Soil Response
References
Chapter 12: Development and Deployment of Willow Biomass Crops
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Shrub Willow Characteristics
12.3 Production Systems for Willow Biomass Crops
12.4 Willow Biomass Crop Economics
12.5 Environmental and Rural Development Benefits
12.6 Commercial Development
12.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Herbaceous Biomass Logistics
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Typical Biomass Logistics Constraints
13.3 Linkage in Logistics Chain
13.4 Plant Size
13.5 Harvesting
13.6 Highway Hauling
13.7 Development of Concept for Multibale Handling Unit
13.8 Functionality Analysis for Rack System Concept
13.9 Cost Analysis for 24-h Hauling Using Rack System Concept
13.10 Summary
Appendix 13.A Cost to Operate Workhorse Forklift (Example for Equipment Cost Calculations)
Appendix 13.B Operational Plan for “Rack System” Example
B.1 Operation Plan for SSL Loading
B.2 Influence of SSL Size on Rack Loading Operations
B.3 Total Trucks Required – 24-h Hauling
B.4 Total Racks Required – 24-h Hauling
References
Chapter 14: Woody Biomass Logistics
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Overview of the Woody Biomass Supply Chain
14.3 Woody Biomass from Dedicated Energy Crops
14.4 Woody Biomass from Stand Thinning
14.5 Logging Residues
14.6 Harvesting and Processing Systems and Equipment
14.7 Woody Biomass Transportation
14.8 Pretreatment
14.9 Handling and Storage
14.10 Logistics Management
References
Chapter 15: Economic Sustainability of Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Economics of Crop Production
15.3 Risk and Uncertainty
15.4 Risk Mitigation and Management
15.5 Supply, Demand and Prices
15.6 The Start-Up Barrier
15.7 Elements of Sustainability
15.8 Policy
15.9 Summary
References
Chapter 16: Environmental Sustainability of Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Greenhouse Gas Effects
16.3 Soil Properties
16.4 Water Quantity and Quality
16.5 Invasive Species Effects/Mitigation/Enhancement
16.6 Wildlife and Biodiversity
16.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17: Social Sustainability of Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Standards for Social Sustainability
17.3 Forest-Based Biofuels
17.4 Biofuel Social Sustainability Standards
17.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: Commercialization of Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems
18.1 Overview
18.2 Introduction
18.3 Land Availability
18.4 Crop Selection and Contracting
18.5 Financing Establishment
18.6 Agronomic Efficiencies and Management
18.7 Identifying and Addressing Risks
18.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Selected Global Examples of Cellulosic Cropping System Trends
19.1 Overview
19.2 Cellulosic Ethanol in Brazil
19.3 Cellulosic Bioenergy in China
19.4 Bioenergy in India
19.5 Summary
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