Daughters of Hecate Women and Magic in the Ancient World 1st Edition by Kimberly Stratton, Dayna Kalleres 9780190202149 0190202149

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ISBN 10: 0190202149
ISBN 13: 9780190202149
Author: Kimberly Stratton, Dayna Kalleres

Daughters of Hecate unites for the first time research on the problem of gender and magic in three ancient Mediterranean societies: early Judaism, Christianity, and Graeco-Roman culture. The book illuminates the gendering of ancient magic by approaching the topic from three distinct disciplinary perspectives: literary stereotyping, the social application of magic discourse, and material culture. The authors probe the foundations of, processes, and motivations behind gendered stereotypes, beginning with Western culture’s earliest associations of women and magic in the Bible and Homer’s Odyssey. Daughters of Hecate provides a nuanced exploration of the topic while avoiding reductive approaches. In fact, the essays in this volume uncover complexities and counter-discourses that challenge, rather than reaffirm, many gendered stereotypes taken for granted and reified by most modern scholarship. By combining critical theoretical methods with research into literary and material evidence, Daughters of Hecate interrogates a false association that has persisted from antiquity, to early modern witch hunts, to the present day.

Daughters of Hecate Women and Magic in the Ancient World 1st Table of contents:

1. Interrogating the Magic–Gender Connection

• Stalking the Women–Magic Connection
• Guilty as Charged
• Gender Is Irrelevant
• Gender Matters
• Psychological Projection
• Binary Thinking
• Ubiquitous but Not Universal
• Gendered Preconceptions
• The Contribution of This Collection

Part I: Fiction and Fantasy: Gendering Magic in Ancient Literature

2. From Goddess to Hag: The Greek and the Roman Witch in Classical Literature

3. “The Most Worthy of Women is a Mistress of Magic”: Women as Witches and Ritual Practitioners in 1 Enoch and Rabbinic Sources

• Introduction
• Legal and Prophetic Discussions in the Bible
• The Book of the Watchers
• 1 Enoch 6–11
• 1 Enoch 12–16
• The Fallen Angels in Rabbinic Texts
• “Most Women Are Witches”
• Are Most Women Really Witches?
• Conclusions

4. Gendering Heavenly Secrets?

• Seeking Misogyny and “Magic” in Ancient Judaism
• The Daughters of Men and the Dangers of Civilization
• The Wiles of the Watchers’ Wives
• Women and the Secrets of the Cosmos
• Angelic Lust and Heavenly Ascent
• Gender and Other Ways of Seeing

5. Magic, Abjection, and Gender in Roman Literature

• Julia Kristeva and the Concept of Abjection
• Abjection and Greco-Roman Corporal Ideology
• Literary Readings: Magic and Abjection in Roman Texts
• Violating the Human Body
• Corpses and Mutilated Bodies
• Confronting Bestiality
• Violating the Social Body
• Infanticide
• Subverting Gender Roles
• Adultery
• Abjection of Magic in Practice
• The Primal Abject, Women, and Magic
• Conclusion

PART II: Gender and Magic Discourse in Practice

6. Magic Accusations against Women in Tacitus’s Annals

• Legal Definitions of Artes Magicae
• Tacitus’s Crafting of the Cases against Munatia Plancina and Aemilia Lepida
• Other Accusations against Women Related to Artes Magicae in Tacitus’ Annals
• The Social Function of Magic Accusations against Women in Tacitus’s Annals

7. Drunken Hags with Amulets and Prostitutes with Erotic Spells: The Re-Feminization of Magic in Late Antique Christian Homilies

• Introduction
• After Constantine: A New Ecclesiastical Presence in the Public and Private Spaces of Empire
• Old Women Healers and Drunken Old Witches in Greco-Roman Literature
• Women’s Ritual Space and Domestic Invisibility
• The Frightening World of Prostitutes and Magic in Greco-Roman Literature
• The Sermonic Imagination of John Chrysostom: Horrifying Pornai and Familial Sobriety
• Conclusion

8. The Bishop, the Pope, and the Prophetess: Rival Ritual Experts in Third-Century Cappadocia

9. Living Images of the Divine: Female Theurgists in Late Antiquity

• The Curious Life of Sosipatra
• The “Holy Man,” “Pagan Holy Men,” and “Persons of Power”
• The Gendered Holy Man
• Women Philosophers
• “Magic” and “Religion” in Late Ancient Platonism
• Theurgy
• Erotic Magic in Platonist Circles
• The Literary Factor
• The Problem of Gender
• Women, Magic, Sacrifice, and the Obsolescence of Oracles
• Conclusions

10. Sorceresses and Sorcerers in Early Christian Tours of Hell

• Tours of Hell
• What Sort of Sorcery? Who Are the Sorcerers and Sorceresses?
• “Men and Women,” Women, and Men in Hell
• Social History, Magicians, and Hell

PART III: Gender, Magic, and the Material Record

11. The Social Context of Women’s Erotic Magic in Antiquity

• The Courtesan and the Goodwife
• Magic and Ritual Agency
• Women’s Desires, Women’s Straits
• Conclusion

12. Cheating Women: Curse Tablets and Roman Wives

• The Evidence: Cursing Women
• Ideals of Behavior and Collapsed Household Hierarchies
• Women and Magic

13. Saffron, Spices, and Sorceresses: Magic Bowls and the Bavli

• The Bowls in the Bavli
• Women in the Bowls

14. Victimology or: How to Deal with Untimely Death

• An Alexandrian Epigram
• Sorcery and Sudden Death
• Two Literary Cases
• Inscriptions (Mainly) from the Greek East: Pharmakeia and Cunning Stealth
• Texts from the Roman West: The Evil Hands of a Sorceress
• First Results
• Alternative Explanations of Sudden Death
• The Circumstances of Witchcraft Accusations
• Cursing the Perpetrators
• Rumor and Witchcraft Accusations
• Sorcery and Social Stress
• Results
• Abbreviations

15. A Gospel Amulet for Joannia (P.Oxy. VIII 1151)

• Joannia’s Amulet
• Exorcising Fevers
• Historiola for Healing
• Priestly Production

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