Direct Democracy in Europe Developments and Prospects 1st Edition by Wilfried Marxer ISBN 3531185810 978-3531185811

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 3531185810 

ISBN 13: 978-3531185811

Author: Wilfried Marxer

Modern direct democracy has become an essential element of political life in many countries in Europe and worldwide. The initiative and referendum process offers extra channels for citizen participation and thus represents an important supplementary institution in modern democracies. This third volume of the series Direct Democracy in Modern Europe focuses on directdemocratic decisions on minority affairs. The main question is whether direct democracy tends towards a domination of the majority over a minority, producing new conflicts, or whether, how, and under what conditions it helps to solve problems in complex societies and leads to lasting solutions to political disputes. This volume includes articles by specialist researchers on – historical experiences of direct-democratic decisions on territorial conflicts; – theoretical considerations on direct democracy and minorities; – case studies on popular votes concerning minority issues; – several country case studies; – the role of the media in direct-democratic campaigns on minority affairs; – the potential of transnational direct democracy.

Table of contents: 

1. Contents
2. Foreword
3. References
4. Popular Votes and Minorities – the Historical Perspective
5. The Plebiscites in Carinthia and Sopron-Ödenburg after World War I – two Cases of Direct Democracy
6. Abstract
7. Introductory Remarks
8. The Historical Facts
9. The Ödenburg issue
10. The case of Carinthia
11. Similarities and differences between the Ödenburg and Carinthia plebiscites
12. Concluding Observations
13. References
14. Popular Votes and Independence for Montenegro
15. Abstract
16. Introduction
17. The Question of Montenegrin Identity
18. The Disintegration of Yugoslavia
19. “Forced Marriage” with Belgrade
20. Final Steps
21. References
22. Minorities and Direct Democracy – the Theoretical Perspective
23. The Emergence of Direct Democracy – a Typological Approach
24. Abstract
25. Introduction
26. Emerging Direct Democracy – An Unlikely Institution
27. Type I – Internal Conflict Model
28. Type II – National independence model
29. Type III – Democratic transformation model
30. Emergence Models and Direct Democracy Profiles
31. Minorities in the Context of Emergence Models – Some Illustrations
32. References
33. Direct Democracy and the Rule of Law – Assessing a Tense Relationship
34. Abstract
35. Introduction and Research Question
36. Theoretical Analysis
37. Literature Review
38. The theoretical debate about democracy and the rule of law
39. How do the two contrary systems cope with direct democracy?
40. Typical dysfonctions of direct democracy
41. What types of direct-democratic institution cause legal problems?
42. Direct Democracy and Law in Switzerland and California
43. Switzerland
44. California
45. Comparison and Discussion
46. Conclusions and Further Research
47. References
48. The Disruptive Potential of Direct Democracy in Deeply Divided Societies
49. Abstract
50. Introduction
51. Referendum-as-a-weapon and Referendum-as-a-solution
52. The Referendum as a Weapon in Deeply Divided Societies
53. Case Study 1: The former Yugoslavia (1990-92)
54. Case Study 2: Georgia (2007)
55. Case Study: Northern Ireland (1973 aud 1998)
56. When the Referendum-as-a-solution can be used for Conflict Resolution
57. Conclusion
58. References
59. Ethnic Governance and Direct Democracy: Perils and Potential
60. Abstract
61. Theoretical Introductory Note
62. The South Tyrolean Case: Direct Democracy Group Rights
63. The Swiss Case: Direct Democracy as an Integrative Force for Pluralism?
64. Winners and Losers: How Democratic is Direct Democracy?
65. Concluding Remarks
66. References
67. Minorities and Popular Votes – Case Studies
68. Direct Democracy, the Rule of Law and the Protection of Minorities: The Case of Hungary
69. Abstract
70. Introduction
71. Historical Background
72. Hungarian Conception of Direct Democracy
73. Popular Votes in Hungary
74. Direct Democracy, the Rule of Law and the Protection of Political Minorities
75. Conclusion
76. References
77. Direct Democracy and Linguistic Minorities in Switzerland and South Tyrol – A Comparison
78. Abstract
79. Introductory Remarks
80. Swiss Experiences with Direct Democracy in Bi- and Multilingual Cantons
81. Experiences in South Tyrol
82. Bozen, autumn 2002: a municipal referendum to change a place name
83. The referendum of 25 October 2009
84. Referendums and Group Rights in South Tyrol – A New Proposal
85. Conclusion: What Special Precautions are Required with Direct Democracy in Multilingual Areas?
86. References
87. Minorities and Direct Democracy in the USA: Direct Legislation Concerning Minorities and Instruments
88. Abstract
89. Introduction
90. Direct Legislation Concerning Minorities
91. Ethnic and racial minorities
92. Immigrants and aliens
93. Homosexuals
94. AIDS-Infected
95. Résumé ofthe Results ofthe Popular Votes
96. Questioning Discriminating Effects and Intents
97. Instruments of Minority Protection
98. Judicial review
99. Majority requirements for constitutional initiatives
100. Further safeguards
101. Conclusion
102. References
103. Is the Irish Referendum a Majoritarian Device?
104. Abstract
105. The Referendum as a Constitutional Safeguard
106. Three Issues
107. Theoretical Conclusions
108. References
109. The Minaret Ban in Switzerland: An Exception to the Rule?
110. Abstract
111. Introduction
112. What We Know About the Effects of Direct Democracy in General
113. Some Hypotheses about Religious Minorities in Switzerland
114. Empirical Results
115. Direct Effects
116. Indirect effects
117. Conclusions
118. References
119. Minorities and Direct Democracy in Liechtenstein
120. Abstract
121. Introduction
122. Direct-democratic Instruments
123. Minority Issues in Practice
124. Political System Issues
125. Other Issues
126. Conclusions
127. References
128. Use of Direct Democracy in the Jura Conflict
129. Abstract
130. Direct Democracy
131. Use of Direct Democracy in Theory
132. Performance of MDD
133. The Jura Conllict – Use of Direct Democracy in Practice
134. Prelude
135. Act 1: The unresolvable Jura-Berne conflict
136. Separation and the Creation of a New State
137. Act 2: In search oj a political solution
138. References
139. Winning without Victory? The Media Coverage of Minority Affairs in Swiss Direct Democratic Campaigns
140. Abstract
141. Introduction
142. Literature Review: The Media Image of Migrants
143. Methods and Data
144. Results
145. Discussion and Conclusion
146. References
147. Transnational Direct Democracy
148. The Transnational Spillovers from Pledging EUReferendums: The Case of the European Constitution
149. Abstract
150. Introduction
151. The Domestic Politics of Pledging EU Referendums
152. Referendum Demands as a Eurosceptic Minority Weapon
153. Referendum Pledges as a Defensive Shield of Governing Majorities
154. The Transnational Spillovers ofEU Referendums
155. Plebiscitary Politics and the European Constitution – The Cases of the Referendum Pledges in Britain
156. Conclusion
157. References
158. Transnational Citizens’ Initiative – How Modern Direct Democracy can make the European Union a Bette
159. Abstract
160. A Long Struggle
161. A Multi-Year Approach
162. Step I: The Idea
163. Step 2: Knowledge
164. Step 3: Goals
165. Step 4: Design
166. Step 5: Registration
167. Step 6: Signature Gathering
168. Step 7: Dialogue
169. Step 8: Thresholds
170. Step 9: Communication
171. Step 10: Lessons learnt
172. A Tool for the Powerful only?
173. Conclusion
174. References
175. The Commission’s Regulation Proposal on the EuropeanCitizens’ Initiative
176. Abstract
177. Introduction
178. Six Fundamental Hopes
179. Win-win situation
180. Channel of mutual understanding
181. Politics, not law
182. Europeanizing the Europeans
183. Familiarizing citizens’ with the EU
184. Wake-up call for dormant pro-Europeans
185. Failures of the Commission
186. Conclusion
187. References
188. The Authors

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Tags: Wilfried Marxer, Direct Democracy in Europe, Developments and Prospects