Energy Bio Fuels and Development Comparing Brazil and the United States 1st Edition by Edmund Amann, Don Coes, Werner Baer ISBN 0415746353 978-0415746359

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ISBN 10: 0415746353
ISBN 13: 978-0415746359
Author: Edmund Amann, Don Coes, Werner Baer 

This collection examines the important and topical issue of the economic, social and environmental implications of concerted attempts to diversify energy sources away from fossil fuels. The book expertly examines this issue by focussing on the contrasting experiences of two major economies; one developed, and the other a rapidly expanding, emerging market.

Energy, Bio Fuels and Development evaluates the experience of Brazil, with elements of that of the US highlighted for the purpose of comparison. A key area of concern surrounds the causes and consequences of the contrasting routes to biofuel production represented by sugar cane (in Brazil) and corn (in the US). The book also places the recent biofuels drive in perspective by discussing the broader energy policy context. The book shows the complexity and interdependence of the issues involved in moving a society reliant on non-renewable energy sources to one based on alternative sources of energy.

The key conclusion to emerge is that Brazil, in pursuing a flexible mix of fossil fuels and bio-fuels, has greatly diminished its exposure to exogenous energy shocks. The US experience – in particular its development of corn-based ethanol – has been more problematic, though by no means without successes. It is argued that bio fuels should not be seen as a panacea. There are clear limits to the efficiency and cost effectiveness of current biofuel production technologies while there remain concerns surrounding potentially adverse effects on food production and rural livelihoods.

This book should be an excellent resource for students focussing on economic development, particularly in the areas of energy, biofuels, rural development and food supply.

Energy Bio Fuels and Development Comparing Brazil and the United States 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction

Note

Part I Macroeconomic and distributional dimensions of energy shocks

2 Oil price shocks and the macro economy1 The United States versus Brazil

Methodology

Empirical results

Concluding remarks

Appendix 2.1 Data sources and summary statistics

Appendix 2.2 SVAR lag-length selection criteria for United States and Brazil

Notes

References

3 Energy and income distribution in Brazil’s development process1

Historical review

Oil, income distribution and the launch of the alcohol fuel program

Brazil enters a new era of bio fuels

The distributional implications of the bio fuel economy

Conclusions

Notes

References

4 The earth is finite and other irrelevancies about the world’s ultimate oil supply

Introduction

Enter the idea of peak oil

It’s déjà vu, all over again

The drilling record

Thirty years later

The non-pursuit of recoverable oil, all over again

The use (or abuse) of asymmetric information

And then there’s unconventional oil …

Post-script: oil drilling as a military expenditure

Notes

5 Energy restrictions to growth The past, present and future of energy supply in Brazil

Introduction

The evolution of energy supply in Brazil, 1948–2008

Economic growth and energy consumption

Regulatory changes and challenges for the twenty-first century

Concluding remarks

Notes

References

6 Oil prices and inflation in Brazil Exchange rate versus inflation targeting

Introduction

Preliminary data analysis

Empirical modeling and conclusions

Notes

7 Brazilian energy independence Petroleum, trade and economic efficiency

Introduction

Patterns of Brazilian external energy dependence

Energy dependence before 1973

The oil shocks and the Brazilian response

The move toward energy independence after the Plano Real

Efficiency issues in Brazilian energy development

Energy market adjustment in the short and in the long run

International price variability and domestic economic efficiency

Energy use and economic efficiency

Appendix 7.1

Notes

References

8 The role played by the BNDES in funding electricity investments in Brazil

Introduction

Public policies and the electricity sector in Brazil

The first period: direct investments by the state

The second period: privatization and new regulation patterns

Conclusions

Notes

References

Part II Social, local and environmental impacts of changes in the energy market

9 Climate change, energy use and long-run growth in Brazil

Introduction

Macroeconomic scenarios for the Brazilian economy

Sectoral scenarios

Energy scenarios

Final considerations

Notes

References

10 Spatial interactions between energy and energy-intensive sectors in the Brazilian economy A field of influence approach

Introduction

Energy and energy-intensive sectors in Brazil

Spatial heterogeneity of industrial sectors and electricity-intensity

Energy field of influence

Data requirements

Empirical results

Systematic sensitivity analysis

Conclusions

Notes

References

11 Determinants of the income of workers in sugar cane plantations and in the sugar and ethanol industries in the North-Northeast and Center-South regions of Brazil

Introduction

Literature review

Methodology and data sources

Data sources

Results

Estimated regressions

Conclusions

Notes

References

12 A framework for examining the impact of bio fuels on the poor in Brazil

Introduction

Overview of the framework

Bio fuels and food prices

Poverty in Brazil

Increases in prices in Brazil

The impact of increasing food prices on the Brazilian poor

Summary and conclusion

References

13 Bio fuels, food, and trade A comparison of bio fuel development efforts in two communities in Illinois1

Introduction

Background

Case studies of community development

a Lincolnland Agri-Energy

b The Andersons

Community capitals and ethanol production

a Natural capital

b Cultural capital

c Human capital

d Social capital

e Political capital

f Financial capital

g Built capital

Impacts and linkages among capitals/assets

Global linkages

Conclusion

Notes

References

14 Oligopolistic behavior of Brazilian gas stations

Introduction

A quick review of the literature in Brazil

Vertical relation in the retail gasoline market and its possible effects

Econometric approach and some initial results

Conclusions

Appendix 14.1

Notes

References

Part III The impacts of bio and alternative fuels

15 The journey to the next-generation of bioeconomy The US perspective

Current bio energy platforms

The new biology of genomics

The biorefinery of the future

Integrated bioprocessing research laboratory

References

16 Between sustainability and development Bioenergy, land use, food security and lifecycle analysis

Introduction: bioenergy policies and markets

Bioenergy potential, poverty and development

The bioenergy supply chain, environmental impacts and lifecycle analysis

Land use, food security and carbon sequestration

Sustainability standards and certification schemes for bioenergy

The case of Brazil

References

17 Bio energy efficiency and a flex-mill simulation in Mato Grosso

Introduction

Case study background

Case study setting

Method

Sugar cane mill descriptive statistics

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Notes

References

18 The impacts of agriculture-based energy sources on land use in Brazil

Introduction

Literature review

Methodology

The evolution of Brazil’s energy production

Evolution of land use and price in Brazil

Conclusions

Notes

References

19 Fossil fuels, bio fuels, and food Ranking priorities

Introduction

Input–output models

Food, energy, prices and productive structure

A possible common policy for bio fuels?

Trade opportunities

Conclusions

References

20 The expansion of ethanol and land use in Brazil’s Cerrado

Introduction

The Cerrado biome

Nature and peculiarities of Brazil’s sugar and ethanol industry

The evolution and current state of the sugar and alcohol industry in the Cerrado

Long-term sugar cane expansion in the Cerrado

The indirect land use effects and the Cerrado

Conclusions

Notes

References

21 The viability of the biodiesel program as an instrument of social inclusion

Introduction

The biodiesel program

Biodiesel from castor beans

Castor bean biodiesel as a social inclusion program

Concluding remarks

Notes

References

22 The expansion of sugar cane cultivation and its impact on municipal revenues An application of dynamic spatial panels to municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil1

Introduction

Expansion of sugar cane in São Paulo

Fiscal performance of sugar cane-producing municipalities

Methodology

Database

Results

Conclusions

Notes

References

Part IV Conclusions

23 Conclusions

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