Gender and Health The Effects of Constrained Choices and Social Policies 1st Edition by Chloe Bird, Patricia Rieker 9780521864152 0521864151

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ISBN 10: 0521864151 
ISBN 13: 9780521864152
Author: Chloe E. Bird, Patricia P. Rieker

Chloe Bird and Patricia Rieker argue that to improve men’s and women’s health, individuals, researchers, and policymakers must understand the social and biological sources of the perplexing gender differences in illness and longevity. Although individuals are increasingly aware of what they should do to improve health, competing demands for time, money, and attention discourage or prevent healthy behavior. Drawing on research and cross-national examples of family, work, community, and government policies, the authors develop a model of constrained choice that addresses how decisions and actions at each of these levels shape men’s and women’s health-related opportunities. Understanding the cumulative impact of their choices can inform individuals at each of these levels how to better integrate health implications into their everyday decisions and actions. Their platform for prevention calls for a radical reorientation of health science and policy to help individuals pursue health and to lower the barriers that may discourage that pursuit.

Gender and Health The Effects of Constrained Choices and Social Policies 1st Table of contents:

1. Gender Differences in Health: Are They Biological, Social, or Both?

• THE GENDER PARADOX IN PHYSICAL HEALTH

• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

  • CVD and the Women’s Health Initiative

• IMMUNE FUNCTION AND DISORDERS

• WHY DID THE UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL HEALTH CHANGE?

• REEXAMINING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MENTAL HEALTH

  • Depressive Disorders

  • Substance Abuse Disorders

• WHY DID THE UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MENTAL HEALTH CHANGE?

• PREVAILING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE PARADOXICAL GENDER DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH AND LONGEVITY

  • Biological Explanations

  • Social Explanations

• THE MISSING ELEMENTS

• References

2. Gender and Barriers to Health: Constrained Choice in Everyday Decisions

• DOES INEQUALITY EXPLAIN THE PARADOXICAL GENDER DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH?

• WHAT IS MISSING FROM CURRENT MODELS OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH?

• CONSTRAINTS ON CHOICE IN EVERYDAY LIFE

• EVERYDAY LIFE DECISIONS

• TOWARD A SOCIOLOGY OF CONSTRAINED CHOICE

  • Social Policy

  • Community Actions

  • Work and Family Level

• ARE PEOPLE ACTING IRRATIONALLY WHEN THEY DON’T MAKE HEALTH A PRIORITY?

  • Sociological Theories of Rational Action

  • Attaching Meaning to Circumstances, Events, and Roles

• CONTEXT OF EVERYDAY CHOICES

• References

3. National Social Policies and Constrained Choice

• ECONOMIC RESOURCES AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

• POLICY REGIMES, GENDER, AND HEALTH

• GENDER-BASED POLICY ANALYSIS

• CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON OF POLICY REGIMES AND HEALTH

  • Life Expectancy, National Wealth, and the Gender Gap Across Nations

  • National Wealth and Health Status

  • If Not Wealth, What Else Determines Life-Span Differences Across Nations?

  • SES and Social Status Do Not Explain All Gender Health Differences

• HOW POLICY REGIMES CONTRIBUTE TO GENDER DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH

• FINAL THOUGHTS AND FURTHER QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED

• References

4. The Impact of Community on Health

• THE IDEAL COMMUNITY

• HOW ARE SUSAN AND JOHN AFFECTED?

• HOW DO COMMUNITIES AND NEIGHBORHOODS AFFECT HEALTH?

• DO COMMUNITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS AFFECT MEN AND WOMEN DIFFERENTLY?

• CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACE THAT AFFECT HEALTH

  • Disorder and Disintegration

  • Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Segregation

• CHALLENGES FOR RESEARCHERS

• POLICY LEVERS

• WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

• References

5. Priorities and Expectations: Men’s and Women’s Work, Family Life, and Health

• CHANGES IN MEN’S AND WOMEN’S WORK AND FAMILY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

• HOW DO MARRIAGE AND FAMILY AFFECT HEALTH?

  • Marriage

  • Parenting

• HOW DOES WORK AFFECT HEALTH?

  • Trends in Work Segregation by Gender

  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards of Work

  • Work Hours and Scheduling

  • Health Effects of Long-Hour and Shift Work

• WORK AND FAMILY ROLES INTERACT TO AFFECT HEALTH

  • Does Gender Affect Combining Work and Family Roles?

• FLEXIBILITY AND CHOICE AS CRITICAL RESOURCES

  • Work-Life Programs and Policies

• References

6. Gender and Individual Health Choices

• SELECTED HEALTH BEHAVIORS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE GENDER GAP IN LONGEVITY

  • SMOKING

  • ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

  • DIET AND WEIGHT

  • PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

• CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISONS OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS

• TO WHAT EXTENT CAN INDIVIDUAL HEALTH CHOICES AND BEHAVIORS BE EXPLAINED?

  • Education and Motivation

  • Gender Role Socialization and Health Behaviors

• BEHAVIORAL HEALTH RISKS AND PROTECTIONS

  • Social and Economic Circumstances and Health Behaviors

• A CONCLUDING QUESTION ON HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND CONSTRAINED CHOICE

• APPENDIX 1

• APPENDIX 2

• References

7. Opportunities for Change

• NEW DIRECTIONS FOR INTEGRATING SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

• TAKING ACTION: MAKING CONSTRAINED CHOICE A PLATFORM FOR PREVENTION

  • What the Medical and Scientific Communities Can Do

  • What Policymakers at Various Levels Can Do

  • What Individuals and Families Can Do

• CONCLUDING THOUGHTS

• References

Index

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Chloe Bird,Patricia Rieker,Gender