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Human Rights Related Trade Measures under International Law The Legality of Trade Measures Imposed in Response to Violations of Human Rights Obligations under General International Law 1st Edition by Anthony Cassimatis ISBN ‎ 978-9004163423 9004163425

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Human Rights Related Trade Measures under International Law The Legality of Trade Measures Imposed in Response to Violations of Human Rights Obligations under General International Law 1st Edition Anthony Cassimatis Digital Instant Download

Author(s): Anthony Cassimatis
ISBN(s): 9789047422082, 9047422082
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 1.44 MB
Year: 2007
Language: english
SKU: EB-51590332 Category: Tag:

Human Rights Related Trade Measures under International Law The Legality of Trade Measures Imposed in Response to Violations of Human Rights Obligations under General International Law 1st Edition by Anthony Cassimatis – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:  978-9004163423, 9004163425
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Product details: 

ISBN 10:   9004163425

ISBN 13: 978-9004163423

Author: Anthony Cassimatis

When does international law allow a State or group of States to adopt trade measures in order to “coerce” another State to comply with its international obligations to ensure respect for human rights? In answering this question this book draws together complex areas of international law which include the rules prohibiting interference in the internal affairs of sovereign States, the rules regulating extra-territorial exercises of jurisdiction, the law of State responsibility and the international legal rules requiring the protection of human rights and regulating international trade. The literature on “Trade and …” issues invariably focuses on a limited number of these areas, or approaches the issues from an international relations or economic perspective. This book will assist specialists in international human rights law and international trade law, academic and government lawyers who advise on or implement international trade policy and those studying the use of human rights related trade measures.
 

Table of contents: 

Chapter 1 – Introduction

  1. An Important Question

  2. Trade and Human Rights under International Law – Two Propositions

  3. Municipal Restrictions on Imports and Exports under International Law

  4. Human Rights Obligations under General International Law

  5. Lex Lata – Lex Ferenda?

  6. Regimes, Rule Conflict and Fragmentation of International Law

  7. Other Limits on the Scope of the Book

  8. Summary of Chapters

Chapter 2 – The Protection of Human Rights under International Law

  1. Introduction

  2. The Protection of Human Rights under International Law

    • (a) Civil and Political Rights

    • (b) Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

    • (c) Solidarity Rights

  3. Holders of Human Rights under International Law

    • (a) Individual and Group Human Rights

    • (b) Corporations and Human Rights

  4. Addressees of Human Rights Obligations under International Law

    • (a) States, Individuals and Juridical Entities under Municipal Law

    • (b) Human Rights Obligations Owed by International Organisations

  5. Sources of Legal Obligation – Human Rights under International Law

    • (a) Treaties

      • (i) Human Rights Treaties

      • (ii) Human Rights Obligations via the UN Charter

    • (b) Human Rights and Customary International Law

    • (c) General Principles of Law

  6. The Human Right to Development

  7. General Human Rights Obligations – A Recapitulation

  8. Enforcement of Human Rights Obligation under International Law

    • (a) Enforcement of Treaty Obligations to Ensure Respect for Human Rights

    • (b) Reliance on Rules of General International Law to Enforce Human Rights Treaties

    • (c) Enforcement of Customary Obligations to Respect Human Rights

    • (d) Enforcement through UN Organs other than the ICJ

    • (e) Enforcement through Municipal Litigation in Other States

  9. Conclusion

Chapter 3 – International Legal Regulation of Interstate Trade

  1. Introduction

  2. Objects, Purposes and Policies Relevant to the International Legal Regulation of Global Trade

  3. Other Policy Considerations

  4. The Development of the Multilateral Trading System

    • (a) PPA of GATT 1947 and Failure to Establish ITO

    • (b) Tariff & Non-Tariff Barriers and the Tokyo Round

    • (c) GATT and Developing States

    • (d) Uruguay Round and the WTO

    • (e) Trade in Services

    • (f) Intellectual Property Protection

    • (g) Trade Policy Review

  5. The Legal Framework of GATT 1994

    • (a) Non-Discrimination & Linkages to Human Rights

    • (b) Most Favoured Nation Rule

    • (c) National Treatment

    • (d) Binding Tariff Commitments

    • (e) Exceptions to GATT Discipline

      • (i) General Exceptions

      • (ii) Technical Barriers to Trade

      • (iii) Safeguard Measures

      • (iv) Dumping and Subsidies

      • (v) Waivers

    • (f) International Trade Rules & Non-Governmental Entities

    • (g) Customs Unions and FTAs

    • (h) Dispute Resolution

  6. Conclusion

Chapter 4 – Interaction between Rules and Principles of International Law: Human Rights and Trade

  1. Introduction

  2. A Conception of the International Rule of Law

    • (a) Requirements

      • (i) A Complete Legal System

      • (ii) A Relatively Certain Legal System

      • (iii) Equality before the Law

      • (iv) Absence of Arbitrary Power

      • (v) Effective Application of the Law

    • (b) Human Rights and the International Rule of Law

    • (c) Limited Convergence – Trade & Human Rights Instruments

  3. Hierarchy Among Rules of International Law

    • (a) Peremptory Norms (Jus Cogens)

      • (i) Jus Cogens and Treaty Interpretation

      • (ii) Jus Cogens and Other Rules

      • (iii) Jus Cogens and Human Rights

    • (b) State Crimes

    • (c) Obligations Erga Omnes

    • (d) Universal Jurisdiction, Erga Omnes and Jus Cogens

    • (e) UN Charter Obligations & Article 103

  4. Forms of Interaction

    • (a) Direct Interaction

    • (b) Indirect Interaction

  5. Avoidance and Resolution of Conflicts

    • (a) Concept of Conflict

    • (b) Approaches to Conflict

    • (c) ILC Study Group on Fragmentation

  6. Conclusion

Chapter 5 – Human Rights Related Trade Measures Not Subject to Full WTO Discipline

  1. Introduction

  2. Legality of Human Rights-Related Trade Measures in General International Law

  3. Measures Not Fully Subject to WTO Discipline

    • (a) United States Mechanisms

      • (i) US Legislation & Regulations

      • (ii) US Treaty Linkages

    • (b) European Union Mechanisms

      • (i) EU Regulations

      • (ii) EU Treaties

    • (c) Academic Assessments of US & EU Mechanisms

    • (d) Weaknesses in US and EU Instruments

  4. Conclusion

Chapter 6 – Human Rights Related Trade Measures under the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO

  1. Introduction

  2. MFN and National Treatment Obstacles

  3. Subsidies and Dumping

    • (a) Introduction

    • (b) Dumping

    • (c) Subsidies

  4. WTO Dispute Resolution – Nullification or Impairment

    • (a) Drafting History & GATT Practice

    • (b) Panel & AB Interpretations of Article XXIII

    • (c) DSU and Article XXIII

    • (d) Inter-Agency Consultations

    • (e) Conclusions

  5. Safeguards

    • (a) Availability

    • (b) Selectivity

    • (c) Intensity

  6. Security Exceptions

    • (a) Structural Differences

    • (b) Justiciability

    • (c) Remedies

    • (d) Conclusions

  7. General Exceptions – Article XX GATT 1994

    • (a) Introduction

    • (b) Article XX and Treaty Interpretation

    • (c) Environmental Measures – Case Comparisons

      • (i) Tuna–Dolphin I

      • (ii) Tuna–Dolphin II

      • (iii) Shrimp–Turtle (Panel)

      • (iv) Shrimp–Turtle (AB)

    • (d) Environmental vs Human Rights Policies

    • (e) Article XX(a) Public Morals & Human Rights
      (i)–(xiv) (all items kept intact as provided)

    • (f) Article XX(b) – Life or Health

    • (g) Article XX(d)

    • (h) Article XX(e)

    • (i) Article XX(h)

    • (j) Remedies under Article XX

    • (k) Conclusions

  8. Waivers and Labelling Initiatives

    • (a) Waivers

    • (b) Labelling Initiatives

  9. Conclusion

Chapter 7 – International Trade Regulation, Human Rights and Development

  1. Introduction

  2. Developing States, GATT 1947 and WTO Agreement

  3. Developing States and Human Rights Conditionality under GSP

  4. GSP and the Human Right to Development

  5. Developing States, the WTO and Human Rights-Related Trade Measures

  6. TRIPS, Agriculture and Human Rights

    • (a) Right to Health

    • (b) TRIPS and Traditional Knowledge

    • (c) Agriculture and the Right to Food

  7. Conclusion

Chapter 8 – Conclusions

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