Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators Three Volume Set Volume 1 Second Edition by Frank Spellman 9781482297928 1482297922

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ISBN 10: 1482297922
ISBN 13: 9781482297928 
Author:  Frank R. Spellman 

To properly operate a waterworks or wastewater treatment plant and to pass the examination for a waterworks/wastewater operator’s license, it is necessary to know how to perform certain calculations. All operators, at all levels of licensure, need a basic understanding of arithmetic and problem-solving techniques to solve the problems they typicall

Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators Three Volume Set Volume 1 Second Table of contents:

Volume I

Chapter 1 Pumping Calculations

• Pumping

• Basic Water Hydraulics Calculations

• Weight of Water

• Weight of Water Related to the Weight of Air

• Water at Rest

• Gauge Pressure

• Water in Motion

• Discharge

• The Law of Continuity

• Pipe Friction

• Basic Pumping Calculations

• Pumping Rates

• Calculating Head Loss

• Calculating Head

• Calculating Horsepower and Efficiency

• Hydraulic Horsepower

• Pump Efficiency and Brake Horsepower

• Specific Speed

• Positive-Displacement Pumps

• Volume of Biosolids Pumped (Capacity)

Chapter 2 Water Source and Storage Calculations

• Water Sources

• Water Source Calculations

• Well Drawdown

• Well Yield

• Specific Yield

• Well Casing Disinfection

• Deep-Well Turbine Pump Calculations

• Vertical Turbine Pump Calculations

• Water Storage

• Water Storage Calculations

• Copper Sulfate Dosing

• Iron and Manganese Removal

• Precipitation

• Oxidation

• Ion Exchange

• Sequestering

• Aeration

• Potassium Permanganate Oxidation and Manganese Greensand

Chapter 3 Coagulation and Flocculation Calculations

• Coagulation

• Flocculation

• Coagulation and Flocculation Calculations

• Chamber and Basin Volume Calculations

• Detention Time

• Determining Dry Chemical Feeder Setting

• Determining Chemical Solution Feeder Setting (lb/day)

• Determining Chemical Solution Feeder Setting (mL/min)

• Determining Percent Strength of Solutions

• Determining Percent Strength of Liquid Solutions

• Determining Percent Strength of Mixed Solutions

• Dry Chemical Feeder Calibration

• Chemical Solution Feeder Calibration

• Determining Chemical Usage

• Coagulation and Flocculation Practice Problems

• Chemical Feeders

• Solution Feeders

• Dry Feeders

• Chemical Feeder Calibration

• Chemical Feeder Calculations

Chapter 4 Sedimentation Calculations

• Sedimentation

• Tank Volume Calculations

• Calculating Tank Volume

• Detention Time

• Surface Loading (Overflow) Rate

• Mean Flow Velocity

• Weir Loading (Overflow) Rate

• Percent Settled Biosolids

• Determining Lime Dosage (mg/L)

  • Step 1

  • Step 2

  • Step 3

• Determining Lime Dosage (lb/day)

• Determining Lime Dosage (g/min)

• Sedimentation Practice Problems

Chapter 5 Filtration Calculations

• Water Filtration

• Flow Rate through a Filter

• Filtration Rate

• Unit Filter Run Volume

• Backwash Rate

• Backwash Rise Rate

• Volume of Backwash Water Required

• Required Depth of Backwash Water Tank

• Backwash Pumping Rate

• Percent Product Water Used for Backwashing

• Percent Mud Ball Volume

• Filter Bed Expansion

• Filter Loading Rate

• Filter Medium Size

• Mixed Media

• Head Loss for Fixed Bed Flow

• Head Loss through a Fluidized Bed

• Horizontal Wastewater Troughs

• Filter Efficiency

• Water Filtration Practice Problems

• References and Recommended Reading

Chapter 6 Water Chlorination Calculations

• Chlorine Disinfection

• Determining Chlorine Dosage (Feed Rate)

• Calculating Chlorine Dose, Demand, and Residual

• Breakpoint Chlorination Calculations

• Calculating Dry Hypochlorite Feed Rate

• Calculating Hypochlorite Solution Feed Rate

• Calculating Percent Strength of Solutions

• Calculating Percent Strength Using Dry Hypochlorite

• Calculating Percent Strength Using Liquid Hypochlorite

• Chemical Use Calculations

• Chlorination Math Practice Problems

Chapter 7 Fluoridation

• Water Fluoridation

• Fluoride Compounds

  • Sodium Fluoride

  • Fluorosilicic Acid

  • Sodium Fluorosilicate

• Optimal Fluoride Levels

• Fluoridation Process Calculations

• Percent Fluoride Ion in a Compound

• Fluoride Feed Rate

• Fluoride Feed Rates for Saturator

• Calculated Dosages

• Calculated Dosage Examples

• Fluoridation Practice Problems

Chapter 8 Water Softening

• Water Hardness

• Calculating Calcium Hardness (as CaCO3)

• Calculating Magnesium Hardness (as CaCO3)

• Calculating Total Hardness

• Calculating Carbonate and Noncarbonate Hardness

• Determining Alkalinity

• Determining Bicarbonate, Carbonate, and Hydroxide Alkalinity

• Lime Dosage Calculation for Removal of Carbonate Hardness

• Calculation for Removal of Noncarbonate Hardness

• Recarbonation Calculation

• Calculating Feed Rates

• Ion Exchange Capacity

• Water Treatment Capacity

• Treatment Time Calculations (Until Regeneration Required)

• Salt and Brine Required for Regeneration

Chapter 9 Water Treatment Practice Calculations

• Appendix: Solutions to Chapter 9 Problems

• Index

Volume II

Chapter 1 Introduction

• The 411 on Mathematics

• Math Terminology and Definitions

• Calculation Steps

• Key Words

• Calculators

• Dimensional Analysis

• Basic Operation 1

• Basic Operation 2

• Basic Operation 3

Chapter 2 Basic Units of Measurement and Conversions

• Setting the Stage

• Units of Measurement

• Conversion Factors

• Weight, Concentration, and Flow

• Conversions

• Typical Water/Wastewater Conversion Examples

• Temperature Conversions

• Population Equivalent or Unit Loading Factor

• Specific Gravity and Density

• Flow

• Key Factors in Calculating Flow Problem Solutions

• Flow through a Channel

• Flow through a Pipeline

• Detention Time

• Chemical Addition Conversions

• Required Amount of Chemical (Active Ingredient)

• Required Amount of Chemical (Inactive Ingredient)

• Dry Chemical Feed Rate

• Liquid Chemical Feed Rate

• Wire-to-Water Calculations

• Horsepower and Energy Costs

• Water Horsepower

• Brake Horsepower

• Motor Horsepower

• Electrical Power

• Power Factor

Advanced Units of Measurement and Conversions

• Conversion Factors and SI Units

• Conversion Factor Tables

• Water/Wastewater Conversion Examples

• Temperature Conversion Examples

• Conversion Factors for Air Pollution Measurements

• Conversion from ppm to µg/m³

• Conversion Tables for Common Air Pollution Measurements

• Soil Test Results Conversion Factors

• Greenhouse Gas Emission Numbers to Equivalent Units and Carbon Sequestration

• Electricity Reductions (Kilowatt-Hours)

• Emission Factor

• Passenger Vehicles per Year

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