Mistakes Were Made but Not by Me Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs Bad Decisions and Hurtful Acts 3rd Edition by Carol Tavris, Elliot Aronson ISBN 0358329612 9780358329619

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ISBN 10: 0358329612 
ISBN 13: 9780358329619
Author: Carol Tavris, Elliot Aronson

Why is it so hard to say “I made a mistake”—and really believe it?
 
When we make mistakes, cling to outdated attitudes, or mistreat other people, we must calm the cognitive dissonance that jars our feelings of self-worth. And so, unconsciously, we create fictions that absolve us of responsibility, restoring our belief that we are smart, moral, and right—a belief that often keeps us on a course that is dumb, immoral, and wrong. Backed by years of research, Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me) offers a fascinating explanation of self-justification—how it works, the damage it can cause, and how we can overcome it. This updated edition features new examples and concludes with an extended discussion of how we can live with dissonance, learn from it, and perhaps, eventually, forgive ourselves.

Mistakes Were Made but Not by Me Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs Bad Decisions and Hurtful Acts 3rd Table of contents:

• Chapter 1: Cognitive Dissonance: The Engine of Self-Justification

  • Explanation of cognitive dissonance theory.
  • Key experiments and studies illustrating how dissonance works.
  • Ingrid’s Choice, Nick’s Mercedes, and Elliot’s Canoe (classic examples).
  • Spirals of Violence—and Virtue.
  • The Pyramid of Choice.

• Chapter 2: Pride and Prejudice . . . and Other Blind Spots

  • How self-justification leads to bias and prejudice.
  • The Road to St. Andrews.
  • The Gift That Keeps on Giving.
  • A Slip of the Brain.
  • Confirmation bias and other cognitive distortions.

• Chapter 3: Memory, the Self-Justifying Historian

  • The malleability of memory and its role in self-justification.
  • The Biases of Memory.
  • True Stories of False Memories (e.g., repressed memories, eyewitness testimony).

• Chapter 4: Good Intentions, Bad Science: The Closed Loop of Clinical Judgment

  • Self-justification in professional settings, particularly in therapy and medicine.
  • The Problem of the Benevolent Dolphin.
  • Science, Skepticism, and Self-justification.
  • Confirmation bias in diagnosis and treatment.

• Chapter 5: Law and Disorder

  • How self-justification impacts the legal system.
  • The Investigators.
  • The Interrogators (false confessions).
  • The Prosecutors.
  • Jumping to Convictions (confirmation bias in legal proceedings).

• Chapter 6: Love’s Assassin: Self-Justification in Marriage

  • The role of self-justification in relationship conflicts and misunderstandings.
  • How couples rewrite their shared history.

• Chapter 7: Wounds, Rifts, and Wars

  • Self-justification on a larger, societal scale, including political conflicts and social movements.
  • Who Started This?
  • Perpetrators of Evil (how ordinary people justify harmful acts).
  • Truth and Reconciliation (the challenge of confronting historical injustices).
  • This edition likely includes updated examples related to recent social issues like Black Lives Matter and political polarization.

• Chapter 8: Dissonance, Democracy, and the Demagogue

  • This is a new or significantly expanded chapter in the 3rd Edition.
  • Exploration of how cognitive dissonance contributes to political polarization and the rise of demagoguery.
  • Impact on national values and democratic processes.

• Chapter 9: Letting Go and Owning Up

  • Strategies and insights on how to overcome self-justification.
  • Mistakes Were Made—by Them (recognizing others’ justifications).
  • Mistakes Were Made—by Me (the challenge of personal accountability).
  • Act 2: The Arduous Journey to Self-Compassion.
  • Learning to live with dissonance and forgive oneself.

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Tags: Carol Tavris, Elliot Aronson, Mistakes, Foolish