Obesity Treatment and Prevention New Directions 73rd Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Carlsbad Calif September 2011 1st Edition by Drewnowski, Rolls 9783318021158 3318021156
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ISBN 10: 3318021156
ISBN 13: 9783318021158
Author: A. Drewnowski, B.J. Rolls
Obesity continues to be a major problem for global public health, affecting not only adults, but increasingly also adolescents and even young children. Moreover, obesity and diabetes are no longer limited to wealthy societies: rates are also rising in low- and middle-income countries. Summarizing some of the key issues in obesity treatment and prevention, this publication promotes novel and interdisciplinary approaches and explores cutting-edge ideas that span child development, nutrition, behavioral sciences, economics, geography and public health. Contributions suggest a sequence of steps that may result in new ways to address obesity at the personal as well as at the population level: First, a clear understanding of who becomes obese, where, and for what reason is needed. Second, the likely contributions to overeating by the brain, biology, economics and the environment need to be identified. Then, based on the understanding of disease etiology and its distribution by geography and by social strata, targeted yet comprehensive strategies for obesity prevention and treatment for both individuals and groups need to be developed.
Obesity Treatment and Prevention New Directions 73rd Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Carlsbad Calif September 2011 1st Table of contents:
Contents
Preface
Foreword
Contributors
Brain Reorganization following Weight Loss
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence That Bodyweight Is Regulated
Energy Intake and Expenditure during Reduced-Weight Maintenance
Regional Changes in Brain Activity in Response to Weight Loss
Autonomic Nervous System
Neuroendocrine Function
Skeletal Muscle
Caloric Intake
The Role of Leptin
Conclusions and Perspective
Acknowledgements
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
References
Physical Activity and Weight Loss
Abstract
Introduction
Effect of Physical Activity on Weight Loss
Physical Activity: Responders versus Nonresponders
Potential Genetic Influence
Factors Influencing Adherence to Physical Activity
Influence of Physical Activity on Other Components of Energy Balance
Health Benefits of Physical Activity beyond Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
References
Dietary Strategies for Weight Management
Abstract
Biological Approach
Macronutrients and Satiety
Functional Ingredients
Behavioral Approach: Understanding Properties of Foods That Affect Eating Behavior
Portion Size
Energy Density
Environmental Approach
Acknowledgements
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
References
Targeting Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Treat the Underlying Basis of the Metabolic Complications of Obesity
Abstract
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
Metabolically Benign Adipose Tissue
Weight Loss and Inflammation
Diet and Inflammation
Anti-Inflammatory Treatments
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
References
Summary Discussion on Obesity Treatment: Challenges and Opportunities
The Gut Microbiome and Obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Obesity and Gut Microbial Profiles in Humans and Experimental Animals
The Gut Microbiome and Obesity: Mechanisms of Action
Acknowledgements
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
References
Starting Early: Obesity Prevention during Infancy
Abstract
Behavioral Factors Linked to Weight Outcomes during Infancy
Results of Initial Intervention Research during Infancy
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
The Economics of Food Choice Behavior: Why Poverty and Obesity Are Linked
Abstract
Introduction
Poverty and Obesity Are Linked
Access to Healthy Foods: Proximity or Price?
The Economics of Food Choice Behavior
The Cost of Eating Healthy
Why Poverty and Obesity Are Causally Linked
The Economics of Obesity
Acknowledgements
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
The Importance of the Food and Physical Activity Environments
Abstract
Introduction
Assessment of Relevant Attributes of the Food and Physical Activity Environments
Relationships of Food and Physical Activity Environments with Behaviors and Weight Status
Implications for Intervention Strategies and Future Research
Acknowledgments
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
The Importance of Systems Thinking to Address Obesity
Abstract
Causality, Complexity and the Need for a Paradigm Shift
New Places to Look for ‘Simple’ Solutions to the Obesity Problem
Matching Capacity and Complexity
Leverage Points in Complex Systems
Influencing Emergence
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Disclosure Statement
References
Discussion
Summary Discussion on New Directions for Prevention
Concluding Remarks
Subject Index
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