Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing 1st Edition by Terry Robinson, Jane Scullion 9780191551529 019155152X

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ISBN 10: 019155152X
ISBN 13: 9780191551529
Author:  Terry Robinson, Jane Scullion

Respiratory disease affects millions of people worldwide. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, significantly impacting upon the lives of both patients and their families. Respiratory disease places huge financial burdens on healthcare providers, and is managed in a variety of settings, including domiciliary, primary, secondary and tertiary care settings. The Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing offers the reader a systematic account of the main respiratory diseases found in adults, and covers the assessment, diagnosis, and nursing management of these diseases. It also covers pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, and discusses the role of the multidisciplinary respiratory team. The book highlights the multiple care needs of respiratory patients and addresses both physical and psychosocial concerns. The book includes many illustrations and diagrams to guide the reader, along with references to national and international disease-specific guidelines, patient and health professional charities, and helplines. The book is clearly laid out, and written in an easily readable note-based style. Blank pages are included for the reader, so that notes, observations, and local protocols can be included, thereby individualizing the Handbook. Written by practising nurses and subject experts, the Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing is a unique and invaluable companion for all health care professionals who are involved in the care of respiratory patients.

Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
Overview and causes of respiratory diseases
Mortality and morbidity
Costs of respiratory disease

2 Why work in respiratory nursing?
A career in respiratory medicine or thoracic surgery?
Desirable qualities for a respiratory nurse
How do I become a respiratory nurse?
What are the current job prospects?

3 Anatomy and physiology
Introduction
Overall view of the respiratory tract
Airway structure
What happens during ‘a breath’?
Control of airway calibre

4 Respiratory assessment
Introduction
The consultation
History taking 1
History taking 2
Symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease
Non-specific and extra-pulmonary symptoms
Breathlessness 1
Breathlessness 2
Cough
Sputum
Haemoptysis
Chest pain
Respiratory examination
General inspection
Examination of the hands and limbs
Examination of the head and neck
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Abnormal breath sounds
Completing the respiratory assessment

5 Respiratory investigations
Introduction
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)
Performing the PEFR test
Spirometry
Vital capacity
Interpretation of results
Combined obstruction and restriction
Flow volume graphs
Reversibility testing
Suitability of patients spirometry
Types of spirometers
Standardization
Respiratory function tests
Exercise testing
Breathlessness rating
Body mass index (BMI)
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Compensation
Arterial blood sample
Capillary blood samples
Pulse oximetry
Blood tests
Radiological investigations
Evaluating chest-X-rays
Computed tomography (CT) scan
Magnetic resonant imaging (MRI)
Bronchoscopy
Skin-prick testing
Sputum samples

6 Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Definition
Incidence
Aetiology
Pathophysiology
Treatment and general management
Prognosis
Nursing care
Further reading

7 Asthma and allergies
Introduction
Asthma: a definition
Pathophysiology
Allergen exposure: early and late phase asthma responses
Asthma classification
Occupational asthma
Risk factors for the development of asthma
Trigger factors for asthma
Inhaled allergens as triggers for asthma
Other triggers for asthma
Incidence and epidemiology of asthma
Morbidity and mortality
Assessment of the asthma patient
Asthma severity
Treatment and management of chronic asthma
Assessment of acute asthma
Managing acute asthma—adults
Managing acute asthma—children
Discharge planning
Asthma in pregnancy
Asthma management in pregnancy
Patient education
Asthma action plans
Compliance, concordance and adherence
Health beliefs
Patient-centred consultations
Inhaler devices and delivery systems
Introduction to allergy
Allergy and the allergic response
Atopy
Diagnosis of allergy
Allergic rhinitis 1
Allergic rhinitis 2
Anaphylaxis
Acute and longer-term care of anaphylaxis
Immunotherapy
Algorithms

8 Bronchiectasis
Introduction
Causes of bronchiectasis
Clinical features 1
Clinical features 2
Management of bronchiectasis
Antibiotic management of bronchiectasis 1
Antibiotic management of bronchiectasis 2
Other infections in bronchiectasis
Monitoring

9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Introduction
Causes and risk factors for COPD
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Differential diagnosis
Investigations
Assessment of the COPD patient
COPD management strategies
Pharmacotherapy 1
Pharmacotherapy 2
Drug delivery systems in COPD
Other therapies 1
Other therapies 2
Acute exacerbations of COPD
Management of exacerbations
Treatment of exacerbations of COPD
Oxygen
Assisted ventilation
Nursing care
Respiratory nurse specialists
Follow-up post-exacerbation
Routine follow-up of COPD patients in primary care
Other treatment modalities
Complications of COPD
Palliative care
Multidisciplinary team 1
Multidisciplinary team 2
Self-management

10 Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis
Clinical presentations and diagnosis of CF
Complications of CF 1
Complications of CF 2
Care and management of CF

11 Diffuse parenchymal lung disease (interstitial lung disease)
Overview
Common causes
Investigations
Some common DPLDs
Treatments
Prognosis
The nurses’ role

12 Lung cancer
Epidemiology
Types of lung cancer
Presenting symptoms and referral guidelines
Investigations
Diagnostic procedures and staging
Staging
Multidisciplinary teams (MDT)
Breaking bad news
Performance status
Treatment options: small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
Treatment options: non-small cell lung cancer
Palliative care
Pain
Analgesic ladder
What if opioids don’t work?
Role of the lung cancer nurse specialist
Mesothelioma 1
Mesotheloima 2

13 Obstructive sleep apnoea
What is it?
What is the cause?
Prevalence
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Nursing care

14 Oxygen therapy
Introduction
Clinical indicators of hypoxaemia
Acute oxygen therapy
Oxygen delivery devices: high-flow devices
Oxygen delivery devices: low-flow devices 1
Oxygen delivery low-flow devices 2
Humidification of acute oxygen therapy
Long-term oxygen therapy
Pulse oximetry
Assessment for LTOT by respiratory team
Short-burst oxygen therapy
Ambulatory oxygen
Oxygen equipment
Home oxygen order form (HOOF)
Follow-up care

15 Pharmacology
Introduction
Basic pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Pharmacodynamics
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
Short- and long-acting inhaled β[2] agonists
Oral β[2] agonist bronchodilators
Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) bronchodilators
Combined inhaled short-acting bronchodilators
Methylxanthines (theophyllines)
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
ICS in asthma and COPD
Side-effects of ICS
Choice of ICS
Oral corticosteroids
Combined inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators (ICS/LABA)
Leukotriene receptor agonists (LTRAs)
Cromones
Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab)
Mucolytics
Inhaler devices
Reproduced with the kind permission of J Bell/Canday Medical Ltd
Inspiratory flow
Types of inhaled therapy
Pressurized metered dose inhalers
Spacer devices
Fig. 15.6 Example of a breath-actuated inhaler
Breath actuated pMDIs
Dry powder inhalers
Nebulized therapy 1
Nebulized therapy 2
Inspiratory flow meters
Placebo devices

16 Pleural effusion
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Nursing care

17 Pneumonia
Background
Types of pneumonia
Symptoms
Transmission and risk factors
Treatment
Prevention
Nursing care

18 Pneumothorax
Introduction
Management
Nursing care

19 Pulmonary embolism
Definition
Clinical assessment
Investigations
Management
Nursing care

20 Pulmonary hypertension
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology, diagnosis and classification
Clinical features and investigations
Assessment and key investigations
Treatment
Nursing care and advice

21 Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
Background
Respiratory failure
Ventilators and interfaces
Indications for use
Contraindications
Nursing care and monitoring
Service provision
Summary

22 Tuberculosis
Introduction
Epidemiology and pathophysiology
Signs and symptoms
Investigations
Standard drug therapy
Directly observed therapy (DOT)
Drug-resistant TB
Pregnancy
Nursing care
Contact tracing

23 Palliative care
The importance of palliative care
Inequalities in health care and palliation
Care and management 1
Care and management 2
Nursing care

24 Pulmonary rehabilitation
Introduction
Why is pulmonary rehabilitation necessary?
Who benefits from pulmonary rehabilitation?
What should a programme entail?
Where should pulmonary rehabilitation take place?
Follow-up

25 Public health
Introduction
The facts about smoking
The physiological effects of smoking on the respiratory system
Lung disease and smoking
Smoking cessation
Pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation
Nicotine replacement therapy
Non-nicotine-based pharmacotherapy
Smoking cessation services
Smoking cessation support
Respiratory health in the workplace
Housing and respiratory health
Environment and pollution
Income and respiratory disease
Nutrition in respiratory disease 1
Nutrition in respiratory disease 2

26 Sex, sexuality and breathlessness
Introduction
Nursing care
Sexual expression and the respiratory patient
Adverse effects of medication
Points to remember

27 The multidisciplinary team
Introduction
Role of the respiratory nurse specialist
Role of the community nurse
Hospital at home services
Role of the respiratory nurse consultant
Role of the paediatric respiratory nurse
Role of the pharmacist
Role of the respiratory physiotherapist
Role of the respiratory occupational therapist
Role of the respiratory physician
Role of the GP with a specialist interest (GPwSI)
Role of the clinical respiratory physiologist
Role of the ‘expert patient’
Support organizations 1
Support organizations 2

28 Flying, altitude and diving
Atmospheric pressure and altitude
Acute mountain sickness
Management of AMS
Lung disease and flying 1
Lung disease and flying 2
Diving 1
Diving 2

29 Glossary

30 Useful contacts
Index

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Respiratory Nursing,Terry Robinson,Jane Scullion