PHP in a Nutshell A Desktop Quick Reference 1st Edition by Paul Hudson 9780596518653 059651865X

Conventions Used in This Book

Using Code Examples

Safari® Enabled

How to Contact Us

Acknowledgments

Introduction to PHP

PHP History

Advantages of PHP

The HTML Relationship

Interpreting Versus Compiling

Output Control

Performance

Getting Help

The Documentation

Mailing Lists

IRC

Conferences

User Groups

Submitting a Bug

Getting Certified

PHP Resources

Books

Magazines

Web Sites

Installing PHP

Installing on Windows

Installing Apache

Installing Microsoft IIS

Configuring Extensions

Installing on Unix

Installing Using Packages

Compiling from Source

Configuring Extensions

Testing Your Configuration

System Configuration

The PHP Interpreter

Running PHP Scripts

Extending PHP

PEAR

Abnormal Script Termination

The PHP Language

The Basics of PHP

Variables

Whitespace

Heredoc

Brief Introduction to Variable Types

Code Blocks

Opening and Closing Code Islands

Comments

Conditional Statements

Case Switching

Loops

Infinite Loops

Special Loop Keywords

Loops Within Loops

Mixed-Mode Processing

Including Other Files

Functions

A Simple User Function

Return Values

Parameters

Passing By Reference

Returning by Reference

Default Parameters

Variable Parameter Counts

Variable Scope in Functions

Overriding Scope with the GLOBALS Array

Recursive Functions

Variables and Constants

Types of Data

True or False

Strings

Escape Sequences

Integers

Floats

Automatic Type Conversion

Checking Whether a Variable Is Set: isset( )

Variable Scope

Variable Variables

Superglobals

Using $_ENV and $_SERVER

References

Constants

Preset Constants

Mathematical Constants

Arrays

First Steps

Associative Arrays

The Array Operator

Returning Arrays from Functions

Array-Specific Functions

array_diff( )

array_filter( )

array_flip( )

array_intersect( )

array_keys( )

array_merge( )

array_pop( )

array_push( )

array_rand( )

array_shift( )

array_unique( )

array_unshift( )

array_values( )

arsort( )

asort( )

explode( )

extract( )

implode( )

in_array( )

krsort( )

ksort( )

range( )

shuffle( )

Multidimensional Arrays

The Array Cursor

Holes in Arrays

Using Arrays in Strings

Saving Arrays

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Assignment Operators

String Operators

Bitwise Operators

Comparison Operators

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators

Logical Operators

Some Operator Examples

The Ternary Operator

The Execution Operator

Operator Precedence and Associativity

Function Reference

Undocumented Functions

Handling Non-English Characters

abs( )

acos( )

addslashes( )

asin( )

atan( )

base_convert( )

bindec( )

call_user_func( )

call_user_func_array( )

ceil( )

chr( )

connection_status( )

cos( )

count_chars( )

date( )

decbin( )

dechex( )

decoct( )

deg2rad( )

die( )

dl( )

empty( )

escapeshellcmd( )

eval( )

exec( )

exit( )

floor( )

function_exists( )

get_extension_funcs( )

get_loaded_extensions( )

hexdec( )

html_entities( )

html_entity_decode( )

ignore_user_abort( )

ini_get( )

ini_set( )

is_callable( )

isset( )

ltrim( )

md5( )

microtime( )

mktime( )

mt_rand( )

nl2br( )

number_format( )

octdec( )

ord( )

parse_str( )

passthru( )

pow( )

printf( )

rad2deg( )

rand( )

rawurldecode( )

rawurlencode( )

register_shutdown_function( )

round( )

rtrim( )

set_time_limit( )

sha1( )

sin( )

sleep( )

sqrt( )

str_pad( )

str_replace( )

str_word_count( )

strcasecmp( )

strcmp( )

strip_tags( )

stripslashes( )

strlen( )

strpos( )

strstr( )

strtolower( )

strtotime( )

strtoupper( )

substr( )

tan( )

time( )

trim( )

ucfirst( )

ucwords( )

unset( )

usleep( )

virtual( )

wordwrap( )

Object-Oriented PHP

Conceptual Overview

Classes

Defining a Class

How to Design Your Class

Basic Inheritance

Overriding Methods

The Scope Resolution Operator

Objects

Properties

The ‘this’ Variable

Objects Within Objects

Access Control Modifiers

Public

Private

Protected

Final

Abstract

Iterating Through Object Properties

Object Type Information

Class Type Hints

Constructors and Destructors

Parent Constructors

Destructors

Deleting Objects

Copying Objects

Comparing Objects with == and ===

Saving Objects

Magic Methods

_ _autoload( )

_ _get( )

_ _set( )

_ _call( )

_ _toString( )

Static Class Methods and Properties

Helpful Utility Functions

Interfaces

Dereferencing Object Return Values

HTML Forms

What Does It Mean to Be Dynamic?

Designing a Form

GET and POST

Available Elements

A Working Form

Handling Data

register_globals

Working Around register_globals

Magic Quotes

Handling Our Form

Splitting Forms Across Pages

Validating Input

Form Design

Summary

Cookies and Sessions

Cookies Versus Sessions

Using Cookies

Using Sessions

Starting a Session

Adding Session Data

Reading Session Data

Removing Session Data

Ending a Session

Checking Session Data

Files Versus Databases

Storing Complex Data Types

Output Buffering

Why Use Output Buffering?

Getting Started

Reusing Buffers

Stacking Buffers

Flushing Stacked Buffers

Reading Buffers

Other OB Functions

Flushing Output

Compressing Output

URL Rewriting

Security

Security Tips

Put Key Files Outside Your Document Root

Remember That Most Files Are Public

Hide Your Identity

Hiding PHP

Encryption

Encrypting Data

Symmetric Decryption

Files

Reading Files

readfile( )

file_get_contents( ) and file( )

fopen( ) and fread( )

Reading by line using fgets( )

Creating and Changing Files

file_put_contents( )

fwrite( )

Moving, Copying, and Deleting Files

Moving Files with rename( )

Copying Files with copy( )

Deleting Files with unlink( )

Other File Functions

Checking Whether a File Exists

Retrieving File Time Information

Dissecting Filename Information

Handling File Uploads

Checking Uploaded Files

Locking Files with flock( )

Reading File Permissions and Status

Changing File Permissions and Ownership

Working with Links

Working with Directories

Creating Directories

Deleting Directories

Reading and Changing the Working Directory

One Last Directory Function

Remote Files

File Checksums

Parsing a Configuration File

Databases

Using MySQL with PHP

Connecting to a MySQL Database

Querying and Formatting

Disconnecting from a MySQL Database

Reading in Data

Mixing in PHP Variables

Reading Auto-Incrementing Values

Unbuffered Queries for Large Data Sets

PEAR::DB

Quick PEAR::DB Calls

Query Information

Advanced PEAR::DB: Prepared Statements

SQLite

Before You Begin

Getting Started

Advanced Functions

Mixing SQLite and PHP

Persistent Connections

MySQL Improved

Regular Expressions

Basic Regexps with preg_match( ) and preg_match_all( )

Regexp Character Classes

Regexp Special Characters

Words and Whitespace Regexps

Storing Matched Strings

Regular Expression Replacements

Regular Expression Syntax Examples

The Regular Expressions Coach

Manipulating Images

Getting Started

Choosing a Format

Getting Arty

More Shapes

Complex Shapes

Outputting Text

Loading Existing Images

Color and Image Fills

Adding Transparency

Using Brushes

Basic Image Copying

Scaling and Rotating

Points and Lines

Special Effects Using imagefilter( )

Interlacing an Image

Getting an Image’s MIME Type

Creating PDFs

Getting Started

Adding More Pages and More Style

Adding Images

PDF Special Effects

Adding Document Data

Creating Flash

A Simple Movie

Flash Text

Actions

Animation

XML & XSLT

SimpleXML

XML Attributes

Reading from a String

Searching and Filtering with XPath

Outputting XML

Transforming XML Using XSLT

An Example XSL Document

Adding PHP to the Mix

Network Programming

Sockets

Sockets Are Files

Creating a Server

HTTP

Sending Custom Headers

Reading Queued Headers

Authentication Over HTTP

Sending Mail

MIME Types

Easier Mail Sending with PEAR::Mail

Sending Mixed-Type Messages with PEAR::Mail_Mime

Sending Real Attachments

Curl

Installing Curl

Your First Curl Script

Trapping Return Values

Using FTP to Send Data

Sending Data Over HTTP

The Abridged List of Curl Options

Debugging Curl

Distributing Your Code

Cross-Platform Code 1: Loading Extensions

Cross-Platform Code 2: Using Extensions

Cross-Platform Code 3: Path and Line Separators

Cross-Platform Code 4: Coping with php.ini Differences

Cross-Platform Code 5: Checking the PHP Version with phpversion( ) and version_compare( )

Debugging

The Most Basic Debugging Technique

Making Assertions

Triggering Your Own Errors

Testing with php_check_syntax( )

Source Highlighting

Handling MySQL Errors

Exception Handling

Backtracing Your Code

Custom Error Handlers

Custom Exception Handlers

Using @ to Disable Errors

phpinfo( )

Output Style

Installing Tidy

Performance

Write Your Code Sensibly

Use the Zend Optimizer

Use a PHP Code Cache

Compress Your Output

Don’t Use CGI

Debug Your Code

Use Persistent Connections

Compile Right

Index