Practical Obstetrics and Gynaecology Handbook for O G Clinicians and General Practitioners 2nd Edition by Thiam Chye Tan – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9789814522953, 9814522953
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• ISBN 10:9814522953
• ISBN 13:9789814522953
• Author: Thiam Chye Tan
Practical Obstetrics And Gynaecology Handbook For O&g Clinicians And General Practitioners (2nd Edition)
This handbook provides an evidence-based approach to common obstetrics & gynaecological problems faced by O & G clinicians and general practitioners in their daily practice. It is the only book available with current evidence-based recommendations and protocols in O & G.Compiled by experienced experts, this new edition contains 24 new chapters. The existing chapters have been updated using the latest evidence. The authors have included multiple flow charts and detailed practical approaches to various gynaecology and obstetric issues. The book will be a valuable and quick practical guide to everyone — not only to general practitioners and O & G clinicians, but also to medical students and resident doctors. Topics like “Approach to Ectopic Pregnancy” and “Pelvic Inflammatory Disease” will provide invaluable guidance to even emergency medicine doctors.
Practical Obstetrics and Gynaecology Handbook for O G Clinicians and General Practitioners 2nd Table of contents:
PART 1: OBSTETRICS
Chapter 1 Pre-Conception Preparation
OBJECTIVES:
TO IMPROVE PREGNANCY OUTCOME
1. Optimising Medical Conditions Prior to Pregnancy — to Improve the Prognosis for both Mother and
2. Avoid Teratogenic Drugs
3. Screen for Infections and Genetic Blood Disorders — Treat, Immunise and Counsel
4. Encourage Appropriate Counselling Sessions
Chapter 2 Routine Antenatal Follow-Up
OBJECTIVES OF ANTENATAL VISITS
Warning Symptoms in Pregnancy
Warning signs in pregnancy
Chapter 3 Vaccination in Pregnancy
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
VACCINATIONS CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY
Chapter 4 Approach to Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
Causes
Management of Early Pregnancy Bleeding
Chapter 5 Approach to Spontaneous Miscarriage
Aetiologies
Spontaneous Miscarriages
Chapter 6 Approach to Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage (RSM)
Common Aetiologies
Chapter 7 Approach to Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy
Chapter 8 Obstetric & Gynaecological (O&G) Causes of Abdominal Pain in Early Pregnancy
Chapter 9 Obstetric & Gynaecological (O&G) Causes of Abdominal Pain in Late Pregnancy
Chapter 10 Non Obstetric & Gynaecological (Non O&G) Causes of Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy: Simple Ap
Chapter 11 Non Obstetric & Gynaecological (Non O&G) Causes of Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy
Chapter 12 Approach to Ectopic Pregnancy (EP)
Ultrasound Features of Normal Early Gestation
Ultrasound Features of Tubal Ectopic Gestation
1. Medical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
2. Surgical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
3. Expectant Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Other Types of Ectopic Pregnancies (EP)
Chapter 13 Approach to Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
Types of GTD
Chapter 14 Termination of Pregnancy (TOP)
Management of Asherman Syndrome (Adhesions or Fibrosis within the Uterine Cavity)
Chapter 15 Medical Disorders and Potential Risk Factors in Pregnancy
Chapter 16 Multiple Pregnancy
TWINS
Antenatal Care
Monochorionic, Monoamniotic Twins
Complications of Multiple Pregnancy — Foetal Causes
Chapter 17 Infections in Pregnancy
Antenatal Screening for Infection
Management of Infection in Pregnancy
List of Infections in Pregnancy
4. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection
5. Dengue Infection
6. Genital Warts Infection
7. Gonorrhoea
8. Group B Streptococcus
9. Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD) Infection
10. Hepatitis B Infection
11. Hepatitis C Infection
12. Hepatitis E Infection
13. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection
14. H1N1 Influenza Infection
15. HIV Infection
16. Listeriosis Infection
17. Malaria Infection
18. Parvovirus B19 Infection
19. Rubella Infection
20. Shingles (Herpes/Varicella-Zoster Virus) Infection
21. Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) Infection
22. Toxoplasmosis Infection
23. Trichromoniasis
24. Tuberculosis Infection
25. Varicella Zoster (Chickenpox) Infection
Chapter 18 Skin Disorders in Pregnancy
1. Hormone-related Skin Disorders
2. Pre-existing Skin Disorders
3. Pregnancy-specific Skin Disorders
Chapter 19 Approach to Depression in Pregnancy
Antenatal Depression is associated with
Postnatal Depression is associated with
Recognition of symptoms is important
Screening for Depression
Treatment
Chapter 20 Medications in Pregnancy and Lactation
Food Drug Administration (FDA) Classification for Drugs in Pregnancy
Teratogenic Mechanisms Associated with Medication Use
Drugs to Avoid in Pregnancy
Drugs to Avoid in Pregnancy for G6PD Deficient Individuals
Commonly Prescribed Medications during Pregnancy
Special Conditions in Pregnancy
Hyperthyroidism
Depression
Indications of Anti-D Immunoglobulin Administration in Pregnancy
Indications of Aspirin Use in Pregnancy
Dosage of Aspirin
Mechanism of Action of Aspirin
Chapter 21 Approach to Postnatal Problems
Bladder Care After Vaginal Delivery
Postnatal Problems
Risk factors of sepsis
Chapter 22 Lactation and Breastfeeding
Introduction
Benefits of Breastfeeding
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF BREASTFEEDING
ANTENATAL PREPARATION
Management of Breastfeeding Related Problems
Treatment of breast engorgement includes
Chapter 23 Frequently Asked Questions on Pregnancy
1. Air Travel in Pregnancy
2. Carrying heavy things in pregnancy
3. Clothing in pregnancy
4. Dental health concerns in pregnancy
5. Does Epidural Cause Backache?
6. Exercise in Pregnancy
7. Facial Treatments in Pregnancy
8. Food, smoking and alcohol in pregnancy
9. Hair-Dyeing, Hair Rebonding and Perming in Pregnancy
10. House Paint in Pregnancy
11. Ideal Weight Gain in Pregnancy
12. Insecticides in Pregnancy
13. Massage/Aromatherapy in Pregnancy
14. Mobile Phones in Pregnancy
15. Sauna/Steam in Pregnancy
16. Sex in Pregnancy
17. Tattoos in Pregnancy
18. Use of Mosquito Repellants containing DEET in Pregnancy
19. Use of Over the Counter (OTC) Slimming Pillsin Pregnancy
20. Working on Computers/ Video Display Terminals/Photocopier/Printerin Pregnancy — Safe?
21. X-rays/Radiation Exposure in Pregnancy
22. Breastfeeding after Breast Augmentation Surgery
PART 2: INVESTIGATIONS IN OBSTETRICS
Chapter 24 Routine Antenatal Blood Investigations and Infective Screening
Routine Antenatal Blood Investigations
Routine Antenatal Infective Screening
Chapter 25 Approach to Prenatal Screening for Thalassaemia
Alpha-Thalassaemia
Beta-thalassaemia
HbE Trait
Alpha-thalassaemia/Beta-thalassaemia Coinheritance
Sickle Cell Disease
Chapter 26 Miscellaneous Antenatal Blood Investigations
Miscellaneous Antenatal Blood Tests
Pre-Eclampsia Blood/Urine Investigations
Urine Protein: Creatinine Ratio
Chapter 27 Screening for Chromosomal Defects
Introduction
Various Screening Tests for Down Syndrome
First Trimester Screening Available in KK Hospital
Nuchal Translucency
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) for Foetal Aneuploidy
Chapter 28 Prenatal Invasive Diagnostic Tests
Additional Information
Chapter 29 Ultrasonography and Foetal Doppler in Obstetrics
1. Dating Scan
2. Screening Scan
3. Growth Scan
4. Foetal Doppler Studies in Obstetrics
Common Indications for Doppler Flow Velocimetry Studies Include
Chapter 30 Approach to Screening Scan Foetal Abnormalities
1. Head, Neck & Spine Abnormalities
2. Abnormalities in the Chest
3. Abnormalities in the Abdomen
4. Abnormalities in the Pelvis
5. Other Ultrasound Scan Abnormalities
Chapter 31 Laboratory Values in Normal Pregnancy
Endocrine Values
Lipids
Chapter 32 An Overview of Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG)
Sources
hcg Level in Pregnancy
hcg Level in Relation to Spontaneous Miscarriage
hcg Level in Relation to Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
hcg Level in Relation to Ectopic Pregancy
PART 3: GYNAECOLOGY
Chapter 33 Amenorrhoea
Primary Amenorrhoea
Management of Primary Amenorrhoea
Secondary Amenorrhoea
Chapter 34 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
Definition of AUB
Classification of AUB-FIGO
Approach to Management of AUB
Treatment for AUB
Medications Used for AUB
Chapter 35 Adolescent Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
Incidence and Facts
Investigations of Adolescent AUB
Management of Adolescent AUB
Chapter 36 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Definition of Different Types of Premenstrual Syndrome
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Clinical Features of PMS
Diagnosis of PMS
Assessment of PMS
Treatment of PMS
GnRH Analogues
Chapter 37 Dysmenorrhoea
Causes
1. Typical Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhoea
2. Typical Symptoms of Secondary Dysmenorrhoea
3. Findings Suggestive of Pelvic Pathology Consistent with Secondary Dysmenorrhoea include
Management of Dysmenorrhoea
Chapter 38 Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP)
Investigations for Chronic Pelvic Pain
Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain
Other Treatments
Chapter 39 Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Epidemiology
High Risk Groups
Assessment of PCOS
Management of PCOS
Chapter 40 Approach to Gynaecological Cancers
Special Considerations
1. Carcinoma of the Cervix
2. Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube
3. Carcinoma of the Ovary
4. Carcinoma of the Uterus (endometrium)
5. Carcinoma of the Vulva/Vagina
Chapter 41 Pap Smear Screening and Management of Abnormal Pap Smears
Cervical Screening Singapore programme
Bethesda 2001 Cervical Cytology Classification — Negative for Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion or M
Sampling Devices for Pap Smear
How to Obtain Samples
Follow Up Management of Pap Smears
Referral Criteria for Colposcopy
What is Colposcopy? How to explain to our patients?
Summary of Treatment for Pre-Invasive Cervical Lesions
Cone Biopsy
Atypical Glandular Cells
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)
Chapter 42 Postcoital Bleeding (PCB)
Causes of PCB
Chapter 43 Human Papilloma (HPV) Vaccines and HPV Testing — Salient Facts for Clinical Practice
Facts about Cervical Cancer
Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancers and Other Cancers
Human Papilloma Virus and Genital Warts
Clinical Manifestations
Natural History of hr-HPV Infection and pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer
The Cervical Epithelium and Cervical Cancers
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Adenocarcinoma In situ (AIS) and Adenocarcinoma — Why does it Need Special Attention?
Overview of Treatment for Cervical Pre-Cancers
Pap Smear Screening
High-Risk(hr-) HPV Testing
Self-Sampling for Cervical Screening
HPV Vaccination
Chapter 44 Vulvar and Vaginal Lesions
Vulvar Disorders
1. Normal anatomical variants. No treatment required
2. Vulvar Pigmented Lesions
3. Vulvar Ulcers
4. Vulvar Nodules, Cysts or Tumours
5. Vulvar Dermatoses
Chapter 45 Postmenopausal Bleeding (PMB)
Causes of PMB
Management of Postmenopausal Bleeding (PMB)
Chapter 46 Thickened Endometrium
Chapter 47 Polyps (Cervical/Endometrial)
Cervical Polyps
Endometrial Polyps
Chapter 48 Fibroids
Exact Aetiology
Location of Fibroids
Risk Factors
Physical Examination
Investigations
Management of fibroids
Fertility and Fibroids
Pregnancy and Fibroids
Chapter 49 Endometriosis and Adenomyosis
Investigations for Endometriosis
Differential diagnosis of endometriosis
1. Endometriosis Associated Pain
2. Endometriosis Associated Subfertility
Definition of Adenomyosis
Differential Diagnosis of Adenomyosis
Investigations of Adenomyosis
Chapter 50 Ovarian Cyst
Types of Adnexal Masses and Management of Ovarian Cysts in Women
Pregnancy with Adnexal Mass
Chapter 51 Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)
Chapter 52 Voiding and Urinary Disorders
Urinary Incontinence
Detrusor Overactivity (DO)
Frequency/Urgency Syndrome
Simple Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Acute Retention of Urine
Microscopic Haematuria (MH)
Chapter 53 Vaginal Discharge and Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Causes of Vaginal Discharge
Management of Vaginal Discharge
Treatment of Vaginal Discharge
Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)
Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)
Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy
Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis
Treatment of Chlamydia Trachomatis
Treatment of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in Pregnancy
Treatment of Neisseria Gonorrhoea
Treatment of Gonococcal Infection in Pregnancy
Chapter 54 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Chapter 55 Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)
Risk Factors for STI
Screening Approach for (STI)
Approach to Management of STI
Physical Examination
STI-related Genital Ulcers
Laboratory Investigations for STI
Specific STI Investigations and Management
1. Genital herpes
2. Syphilis
3. Chancroid
4. Granuloma Inguinale (GI) — Rare
5. Lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV) — Rare
6. Genital warts
7. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection
Chapter 56 Oral Hormonal Contraception
Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC) Pill
Management of Missed Pills for 21-day Regimen — COC
Advice to patients for missed pills
Progestin Only Pill (POP)
Chapter 57 Non-Oral Contraception/Contraception For Lactating Mothers
Barrier Method
Depot Provera (Progestin-Only Injectables)
Evra Patch
Implanon Nxt Implants
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD)
Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System (Mirena IUCD)
Mesigyna/Norigynon (Monthly Combined Injectables)
Nuva Ring
Permanent Sterilisation
Chapter 58 Choice of Contraception
Contraceptive Choice Based on Personal Characteristics and Reproductive History
Chapter 59 Contraception in Patients with Medical Conditions and Drug Interactions
Combined Hormonal Contraception (CHC) is not recommended in
Contraceptive Advice for Women Using Enzyme-inducing Drugs
Drugs that increase Contraceptive Hormone Levels
Drugs that are affected by Contraceptive Hormones
Chapter 60 Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) and Associated Dilemmas
Missing IUCD Threads
Management of Missing IUCD (Intrauterine Contraceptive Device)
Other IUCD dilemmas
Chapter 61 Emergency Contraception
Chapter 62 Menopause
Definition
Factors Affecting Age of Menopause
Clinical Features in Perimenopausal Period
Menopausal Transition
Long-term Implications
Assessment of Menopause
Management of Menopause
Chapter 63 Osteoporosis
Definition
Risk Factors for Fractures
Screening Assessment Tools
OSTA CHART
BMD Measurement
When to Repeat BMD
Management of Osteoporosis
Chapter 64 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
WHO to Give?
How to Give?
Benefits of HRT?
Risks of HRT?
Contraindications of HRT
Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
Chapter 65 Subfertility, Semen Analysis and Management of Azoospermia
Definition
Management of Subfertility
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
Symptoms of OHSS
Approach to Azoospermia
Chapter 66 Approach to Hyperprolactinaemia
Management of Pituitary Adenomas/ Prolactinomas in Pregnancy
Chapter 67 Approach to Galactorrhoea
History
Examination
Chapter 68 Sexual Dysfunctional Problems
Introduction
How to Help Dissatisfied Women with their Sexual Response?
History of sexual problem
Types of problems encountered
The Psychosexual Dysfunction
Assessing Categories of Aetiology
Physical Examination
Investigations
Management of Sexual Dysfunction Problems
To Treat or to Refer?
Intervention
Vaginismus
Chapter 69 Mammogram, Breast Ultrasound Scan and Breast Biopsy
Introduction
Mammogram
Breast Ultrasound Scan
Breast Biopsy
Chapter 70 Breast Cancer Screening
Screening Mammogram Schedule
PART 4: INVESTIGATIONS IN GYNAECOLOGY
Chapter 71 Ovarian Tumour Markers
Chapter 72 Female Hormonal Profile
Chapter 73 Imaging Modalities in Gynaecology
Indications for Ultrasound in Gynaecology
Indications for Transabdominal Ultrasound Scan
1. Transvaginal Ultrasound Scan (TVUS)
2. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
3. Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS)
4. CT Scan
5. MRI Scan
Chapter 74 Role of Interventional Radiology (IR) in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Modalities
1. Ultrasound Scan (US)
2. Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
General Risks of Procedures
Common Procedures Performed at KK Hospital
References
Index
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