Protective Relaying Principles and Applications 3rd Edition by Blackburn, Domin 9781574447163 1574447165

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ISBN 10: 1574447165
ISBN 13: 9781574447163
Author: Blackburn, Domin

Maintaining the features that made previous edition a bestseller, this book covers large and small utility systems as well as industrial and commercial systems. The book provides a completely new treatment of generator protection in compliance with the most recent governmental rules and regulations and supplies expanded information on symmetrical components. It delineates individual protection practices for all equipment components and furnishes an overview of power system grounding, including system ferroresonance and safety grounding basics, analyzes power system performance during abnormal conditions, describes the relationship of input source performance to protection, and more.

Protective Relaying Principles and Applications 3rd Table of contents:

Chapter 1

Introduction and General Philosophies

1.1 Introduction and Definitions

1.2 Typical Protective Relays and Relay Systems

1.3 Typical Power Circuit Breakers

1.4 Nomenclature and Device Numbers

1.5 Typical Relay and Circuit Breaker Connections

1.6 Basic Objectives of System Protection

1.7 Factors Affecting the Protection System

1.8 Classification of Relays

1.9 Protective Relay Performance

1.10 Principles of Relay Application

1.11 Information for Application

1.12 Structural Changes within the Electric Power Industry

1.13 Reliability and Protection Standards

Chapter 2
Fundamental Units: Per Unit and Percent Values

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Per Unit and Percent Definitions

2.3 Advantages of Per Unit and Percent

2.4 General Relations between Circuit Quantities

2.5 Base Quantities

2.6 Per Unit and Percent Impedance Relations

2.7 Per Unit and Percent Impedances of Transformer Units

2.8 Per Unit and Percent Impedances of Generators

2.9 Per Unit and Percent Impedances of Overhead Lines

2.10 Changing Per Unit (Percent) Quantities to Different Bases

Chapter 3

Phasors and Polarity

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Phasors

3.3 Circuit and Phasor Diagrams for a Balanced Three-Phase

3.4 Phasor and Phase Rotation

3.5 Polarity

3.6 Application of Polarity for Phase-Fault Directional Sensing

3.7 Directional Sensing for Ground Faults: Voltage Polarization

3.8 Directional Sensing for Ground Faults: Current Polarization

3.9 Other Directional-Sensing Connections

3.10 Application Aspects of Directional Relaying

3.11 Summary

Chapter 4

Symmetrical Components: A Review

4.1 Introduction and Background

4.2 Positive-Sequence Set

4.3 Nomenclature Convenience

4.4 Negative-Sequence Set

4.5 Zero-Sequence Set

4.6 General Equations

4.7 Sequence Independence

4.8 Positive-Sequence Sources

4.9 Sequence Networks

4.10 Shunt Unbalance Sequence Network Interconnections

4.11 Example: Fault Calculations on a Typical System

4.12 Example: Fault Calculation for Autotransformers

4.13 Example: Open-Phase Conductor

4.14 Example: Open Phase Falling to Ground on One Side

4.15 Series and Simultaneous Unbalances

4.16 Overview

4.17 Summary

Chapter 5

Relay Input Sources

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Equivalent Circuits of Current and Voltage Transformers

5.3 Current Transformers for Protection Applications

5.4 Current Transformer Performance on a Symmetrical AC Component

5.5 Secondary Burdens during Faults

5.6 CT Selection and Performance Evaluation

5.7 Performance Evaluation for Ground Relays

5.8 Effect of Unenergized CTs on Performance

5.9 Flux Summation Current Transformer

5.10 Current Transformer Performance on the DC Component

5.11 Summary: Current Transformer Performance Evaluation

5.12 Current Transformer Residual Flux and Subsidence Transients

5.13 Auxiliary Current Transformers in CT Secondary Circuits

5.14 Voltage Transformers for Protective Applications

5.15 Optical Sensors

Chapter 6

Protection Fundamentals and Basic Design Principles

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Differential Principle

6.3 Overcurrent-Distance Protection and the Basic Protection Problem

6.4 Backup Protection: Remote vs. Local

6.5 Basic Design Principles

6.6 Ground Distance Relays

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