The Multitasking Myth Handling Complexity in Real World Operations 1st Edition by Loukia Loukopoulos, Key Dismukes, Immanuel Barshi ISBN 1317023552 9781317023555

The Multitasking Myth: Handling Complexity in Real-World Operations 1st Edition by Loukia D. Loukopoulos, R. Key Dismukes, Immanuel Barshi – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1317023552, 9781317023555

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 1317023552

ISBN 13: 9781317023555

Author:  Loukia D. Loukopoulos, R. Key Dismukes, Immanuel Barshi 

The Multitasking Myth: Handling Complexity in Real-World Operations 1st Edition: Multitasking is endemic in modern life and work: drivers talk on cell phones, office workers type while answering phone calls, students do homework while text messaging, nurses prepare injections while responding to doctor’s calls, and air traffic controllers direct aircraft in one sector while handling additional traffic in another. Whether in daily life or at work, we are constantly bombarded with multiple, concurrent interruptions and demands and we have all somehow come to believe in the myth that we can, and in fact are expected to, easily address them all – without any repercussions. However, accumulating scientific evidence now reveals that multitasking increases the probability of human error. This book presents a set of NASA studies that characterize concurrent demands in one work domain, routine airline cockpit operations, in order to illustrate that attempting to manage multiple operational task demands concurrently makes human performance in this, and in any domain, vulnerable to potentially serious errors and to accidents. The authors review evidence that individuals often overestimate their ability to multitask, and explain why human capacity to perform more than one task at a time effectively is severely limited. Working from flight manuals, classroom and simulator training, their own jumpseat observations, and incident reports, the authors analyze cockpit operational demands in detail and go on to show that existing procedures sometimes exacerbate concurrent task demands and that existing training does not adequately prepare pilots to manage those demands. The entire book is written in a way that the principles for understanding multitasking errors and the countermeasures to such error can be applied to any area of human performance, from maintenance to surgery to nuclear power plant operation.

 

The Multitasking Myth: Handling Complexity in Real-World Operations 1st Edition Table of contents:

1 Introduction

• Even Skilled Experts Make Mistakes
• Our Study
• Our Approach

2 What is Multitasking and How is it Accomplished?

• Multitasking in Modern Life
• How is Multitasking Really Accomplished?
  • Simultaneous Performance or Task Interleaving Through Switching?
  • Deferring Execution of Tasks
  • Reducing Task Demands

3 The Ideal: Flight Operations as Depicted by Flight Operations Manuals

• Phases of Flight
  • Pretakeoff (or Preflight)
  • Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise
  • Descent and Approach
  • Landing, Taxi-in, and Shutdown
• Characteristics of the Ideal Operating Environment
  • Linear
  • Predictable
  • Controllable

4 The Real: Flight Operations Add Complexity and Variability

5 Analysis of Concurrent Task Demands and Crew Responses

• Our ASRS Study
• Four Prototypical Situations
  • Interruptions and Distractions
  • Tasks Cannot Be Executed in Their Normal, Practiced Sequence
  • Unanticipated New Task Demands Arise
  • Multiple Tasks Must Be Interleaved
• Cognitive Aspects
  • Prospective Memory
  • Habitual Tasks and Automatic Processing
  • Switching Attention
• Applying These Cognitive Concepts to Cockpit Operations
  • Example 1: An Interrupted Procedure
  • Example 2: A Task Cannot Be Executed in Its Normal Sequence
  • Example 3: A New Task Must Be Deferred
  • Example 4: Interleaving New Tasks with Ongoing Tasks
• Conclusion

6 The Research Applied

• Reviewing and Revising Procedures
  • Setting Flaps for Takeoff
  • The Original Pretakeoff Procedure
  • Evaluating the Operational Context and Cognitive Demands
  • The New Pretakeoff Procedure
  • Re-distribution of Tasks
  • Trimming of the Checklist
  • Re-consideration of Operational Factors
  • Anchoring Floating Items
  • Facilitating Crew Coordination
  • Additional Safeguards
• Aviation and Beyond
  • Improving the Effectiveness of Checklists and Crew Monitoring
  • Strategic Management of Concurrent Task Demands
  • Training and Personal Techniques
• Summary of Recommendations
  • For Organizations
  • For Individuals

 

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Loukia Loukopoulos,Key Dismukes,Immanuel Barshi,The Multitasking,Myth,Handling,Complexity,Real World,Operations